Download World War II

World War II
(1939-1945)
Chapter 26
Seeds of World War II
• Treaty of Versailles
• Great Depression
• League of Nations
• Appeasement
• Military buildup
• Leaders
Fascist dictators
Benito
Mussolini
&
Adolf Hitler
Rise of Adolf Hitler
• 1933- Hitler became Chancellor of
•
1)
2)
3)
4)
Germany
Hitler’s goals:
Lebensraum
rearmament
racial purity
economic recovery
Nazi Party
• 100k members in 1929/ over a million by
end of 1933
• Unemployment- 6 mil in 1932 / 500k in
1937
Path to War & appeasement
• 1935- Hitler renounces Treaty
- builds air force & military
• 1936- Hitler sends troops into Rhineland
1938- Germany annexes Austria
• Hitler announces plans to annex Northern
Czechoslovakia
Munich Conference, 1938
• allies give in to Hitler’s demand
- Chamberlain states: “peace in our time”
- Hitler takes rest of Czech state
- failure of appeasement
1939
• nonaggression pact
• Pact of Steel
• defense pact
Out break of WWII
• Hitler invades Poland (9.1.1939)/ Blitzkrieg
• Britain & France declare war on Germany
Hitler invades France (May 1940)
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Hitler invades France (May 1940)
• France falls in 6 weeks (6.22.1940)
• British evacuate Dunkirk (330k)
Militarism in Japan
Japan aggression in Asia
• 1937- invaded China
- U.S. threatens economically / L.O.N.
Militarism in Japan
(continue)
• 1940- Japan invades Indochina
- conquered Thailand, Burma & Philippines
(1940)
Japanese Empire
Battle of Britain, August 1940
• air invasion of Britain
• Luftwaffe
• 12k tons of bombs dropped in cities
• Outcome
Royal Air Force
Operation Barbarossa
June 22, 1941
• Hitler postpones invasion of Britain
• turns to Russia (lebensraum)
Soviet Union
Germany
3.5 million
• 5 million
Troops
2,770
• 8,000
Air Craft
3,300
• 24,000
Tanks
7,000
• 20,000
Guns
• Hitler believed he could defeat soviet
union in 6 weeks. Why?
Stalingrad:
Turning point in the east
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
America in WWII
• US policy of isolation
- neutrality laws
• Did America’s neutrality appease aggressors?
Pearl Harbor
(p. 678)
• How was Japanese expansion curved by
U.S. presence in pacific?
• When does US neutrality comes to an
end?
• What happened at Pearl Harbor?
• What was Japan’s misfortune?
• What happened on December 8?
“I fear all we have done is awaken the
sleeping giant and filled him with terrible
resolve”-Yamamota
Pearl Harbor
(continue)
• US entrance is turning point of WWII
• America’s two front war
Japanese internment camps
Women at work WWII, pg 688-89
Rosie the riveter
A real “Rosie” at
work
Battle of Midway
• June 1942- Pacific war
• U.S. naval success
• destroyed 4 Japanese carriers
• Japan’s empire begins to shrink
Operation Overlord
D-Day June 6, 1944
• Long awaited 2nd front
- Eisenhower
• Goal
• History’s greatest naval invasion
- Higgins boat
- weather
D-Day (continue)
• costly and successful attack
• 2 million troops in France within 3 months
• Paris liberated by August, 1944
• Importance of eastern front
Hitler’s last attempt
• Battle of the Bulge
• Largest land battle
•
•
•
involving U.S.
500k Americans
(200k causalities)
Germany begins to
retreat
End of Nazi Germany
• German army collapses (03/1945)
• Allies occupy Berlin (04/1945)
• Hitler’s death (4.30.1945)
• Germany surrenders (5.5.45)
Collapse of Germany
May 7, 1945
End of Japan’s Pacific Empire
•
•
•
Philippines (1945)
Empire collapses/ no
retreat no surrender
FDR dies/ Truman/ Abomb
US demands Japan’s
surrender
- consequences of
ground invasion
- decision to use
Atomic bomb
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
• US takes Iwo Jima &
Atomic Bomb
• Aug 6, 1945- A-bomb
dropped on Hiroshima
• Aug 8- Sovs invade
Manchuria
• Aug 9- A-bomb on
Nagasaki
V-J DAY
• Aug 15- Japan
surrenders/ V-J Day
• WWII over
Post WWII
• Over 100 million causalities
• Over 50 million deaths
• Yalta Conference, 1945
• Germany divided
• United Nations created
The big “three” at the Yalta
Conference (Feb, 1945)
Conclusion of WWII
• Most devastating war in history
• Over 50 million killed in 6 years (20 million
plus in Soviet Union)
• Underlying cause of WWII?
• WWII ends - Cold War begins
Holocaust
• Hitler believed that Jews, Gypsies,
Negroes, and Homosexuals were all
parasites trying to destroy the Aryan
race.
Holocaust
• 1933- Hitler in Power
- Nuremberg laws (1935)
• Jan 1939- “Madagascar Solution”
- Jewish refugees turned away
• 1.20.1941- “Final Solution”
• - {extermination}
- graves of Soviet Union & Poland
- concentration camps
1. Auschwitz (poison gas / cremation)
Holocaust (continue)
• Medical experiments
• 6 million Jews killed
(90% of German Jews)
• 2 out of 3 European Jews killed
during Holocaust
• 4 million Gypsies & other minorities
killed
Nazi death camp
• They came for the Communists, and I
didn't object - For I wasn't a Communist;
They came for the Socialists, and I didn't
object - For I wasn't a Socialist;
They came for the labor leaders, and I
didn't object - For I wasn't a labor leader;
They came for the Jews, and I didn't object
- For I wasn't a Jew;
Then they came for me - And there was no
one left to object.
• - Martin Niemoller, German Protestant
Pastor, 1892-1984