Download Causes of WWII

CAUSES OF WORLD
WAR II
1
HORRORS OF WORLD WAR I
2
TREATY OF VERSAILLES:
ISSUES TO BE SETTLED
----------------------------------------• TERRITORIAL ADJUSTMENTS
• REPARATIONS
• ARMAMENT RESTRICTIONS
• WAR GUILT
• LEAGUE OF NATIONS
3
German Upheaval
• Treaty of Versailles
– Pay Huge War Reparations
– Lost colonies and territories
– Disarmed German Military
• 100,000 Army
– German lost National pride after WW I
Weimar Republic was weak and leaderless
TREATY OF VERSAILLES,
REPARATIONS
7
TREATY OF VERSAILLES,
GERMAN ARMAMENT LIMITATIONS
TYPE
AMOUNT
ALLOWED
PLANES
0
WARSHIPS
6
SOLDIERS
100,000
CONSCRIPTION
BANNED
8
TREATY OF VERSAILLES,
GERMAN WAR GUILT
9
Problems with Treaty of
Versailles
• Caused anger and resentment
• Germans saw as unfair
• Hate began to grow towards those who
caused the problem.
– Polish, jews
10
GERMAN ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AFTER WORLD WAR I
1.In January 1921, German currency was worth 64 marks to the dollar.
2.By November 1923 this had changed to 4,200,000,000,000 marks to the
dollar….
PRICE OF A LOAF OF BREAD
1. In 1918 a loaf of bread cost just over half a mark.
2. By 1922 the cost had risen to 163 marks for a loaf of bread.
3. By November of 1923 a loaf of bread cost 201,000 million marks
11
Nationalism Grips Europe and
Asia
• Because of the economic depression,
powerful dictators rose to power driven by
the belief in Nationalism
– Loyalty to one’s country above all else-and
dreams of territorial expansion.
12
• ITALY
• GERMANY
• JAPAN
• Soviet Union
• Totalitarianism-government that exerts Complete
control over citizens. You have no rights and the gov.13
suppresses all opposition.
AXIS POWERS
14
AXIS
POWER:
GERMANY
15
The Nazi’s Take over Germany
• End of WWI Hitler joined The National Socialist German
Worker’s party (Nazi)
• Quickly rose to ranks as leader
• Basic beliefs of party (Nazism)
– Extreme nationalism and racism
• Believed in master race (Aryans) blond hair blue
eyes.
– National expansion. (Germans needed more room)
– 1933 Hitler appointed Prime Minister. Established
new gov. The Third Reich
– Anticommunist
16
Read Pg 531
HITLER AS A SOLDIER IN WWI
17
Rise of Hitler
• Mein Kampf or “My
Struggle”
•
• Hitler was elected
chancellor and Nazi’s
began to gain seats in
the Reichstag
• Enabling Act (1933)
created the 3rd Reich
WHY WAS ADOLF HITLER SUCCESSFUL
IN TAKING OVER GERMANY?
19
HITLER ADDRESSING AN EARLY NAZI PARTY GATHERING
20
Cover page of German editions of Mein Kampf, written in
1924 while Hitler was imprisoned for staging a revolt
His political views. He blamed Jews and Communists for
all of Germany’s problems. Layed out his plans for world
conquest.
21
STATEMENTS FROM MEIN KAMPF
22
The beginnings of Nazi Party
NAZI PROGRAM IMPLEMENTED: HITLER
BEGAN RESTRUCTURING GERMAN SOCIETY.
JEWS WERE STRIPPED OF CITIZENSHIP AND
DENIED BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS. SCHOOLS
WERE PUT UNDER NAZI CONTROL AND
STUDENTS WERE TURNED INTO GOOD NAZIS.
THE NEWSPAPERS, RADIO, FILMS AND
EVERYTHING ELSE WAS TAKEN OVER BY THE
NAZI PARTY AND USED TO ADVANCE HITLER'S
GOALS.
23
NAZI
PROPAGA
NDA
DEPICTIN
G THE
IDEAL
GERMAN
ARYAN
NAZI
PROPAGANDA
DEPICTING
THE IDEAL
ARYAN
MEMBER OF
THE MASTER
RACE
24
EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTI-SEMITISM
FINAL SOLUTION TO THE
JEWISH PROBLEM
25
Depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic
increase in voting for Hitler and the Nazi Party.
26
HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY 1933
27
VOLKSWAGEN: A CAR FOR ALMOST EVERY GERMAN FAMILY
So that everyone could afford
28
1936 Olympic Games
Jesse Owens
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXf_YA
CwHmU&safety_mode=true&persist_safet
y_mode=1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCmvD
wDocrw&safety_mode=true&persist_safet
y_mode=1&safe=active
36
Long Live Germany!
HITLER BEGINS HIS MARCH TO WORLD
CONQUEST LEADING TO WORLD WAR II
•1935: HITLER DECLARES THAT GERMANY WILL REARM, IN
VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
•MARCH 1936: HITLER SENDS GERMAN SOLDIERS TO REOCCUPY
THE RHINELAND, NEXT TO FRANCE, VIOLATING THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
•MARCH 1938: HITLER TAKES OVER AUSTRIA AND TURNS IT INTO A
GERMAN PROVINCE KNOWN AS OSTMARK
•SEPTEMBER 1938: HITLER DEMANDS AND IS GIVEN THE
STRATEGIC CZECHOSLOVAKIAN SUDETENLAND WITHOUT A FIGHT
•MARCH 1939: HITLER TAKES OVER THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
•SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: HITLER INVADES POLAND
•SEPTEMBER 3, 1939: BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON
GERMANY, AND WORLD WAR TWO BEGINS
39
Austria first to fall
• March 12, 1938 marched into Austria
unopposed and took it over.
– U.S. did nothing
*Sudetenland next
– Read pg 537
– Hitler said it would be his last he would take
– Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify
an aggressor.
• The more you give in the more ______________?40
CZECHOSLOVAKIA’S MAIN DEFENSES WERE IN THE SUDETENLAND
41
REACTIONS OF GERMANS LIVING IN THE
SUDETENLAND TO HITLER’S TAKEOVER
42
43
U.S. response
• US Isolationism
– “Hitler” Time
Magazine Man of the
Year 1938
U.S. wanted to keep
him happy!
Next country Hitler wanted was Poland, However
Hitler wanted to avoid fighting on two fronts at one time
45
Nonaggression Pact
• Read pg 539 “the
soviet union declares
neutrality”
•
THE WORLD IS SHOCKED WHEN
TWO BITTER ENEMIES, GERMANY
AND THE USSR, SIGN A
NONAGGRESSION PACT IN
AUGUST 1939 PROMISING NOT
TO ATTACK EACH OTHER and also
to split Poland.
46
47
HITLER INVADES POLAND:
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939
Bliitzkrieg “Lightning War”
48
THE POLISH
ARMY WAS NO
MATCH FOR
THE GERMANS
Took only three
weeks to take
over all of
Poland
49
Military strength comparison between Germany
and Poland in 1939
MILITARY UNIT
GERMANY
POLAND
INFANTRY
DIVISIONS
46
38
MOTORIZED
DIVISIONS
4¾
11 CALVALRY
BRIGADES (HORSES)
TANK
DIVISIONS
7
NONE
TANKS
3200
600
BOMBERS
1176
146
FIGHTERS
771
315
OTHER PLANES
1337
381
50
The War begins
• On Sept 3, 1939 Britain and France
declare war on Germany
• U.S. still out of it
51
Joseph Stalin
• Established
Communism
– An economic and
political system based
on a one party
government and state
ownership of property
Example- “You have two
cows, your neighbors
help you take care of
them. And everyone
shares the milk.”
52
Stalin and the Soviet Union
• Joseph Stalin “man of steel”
• Took over after Lenin Died and Created a
Communist state
• Goals:
–
–
–
–
Make Soviet Union into great industrial nation
All economic activity placed under state mgnt.
Kill non supporters 8-13 million
Establish a Totalitarian govt.
• No rights and gov suppresses all opposition.
– Agriculture and Industry were main focus
• Abolished all private farms
53
AXIS
POWER:
ITALY
54
The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Benito Mussolini “IL Duce”
• Won support of Italians when he told them he could fix
the economic collapse and fear of communism.
• Established Fascism in 1921
– extreme Nationalism and places interests of
the state above those of individuals.
– Power under one leader
– Anti communist
– Expand military
– Wanted to bring back power of Roman
Empire
55
BENITO MUSSOLINI AT THE
HEIGHT OF HIS POWER
56
57
58
ITALIAN AGGRESSION IN ETHIOPIA
Mussolini wanted to expand Roman
empire. 1st goal was Ethiopia
U.S. did nothing
59
ETHIOPIAN ARMY
60
MUSSOLINI AND MISTRESS MURDERED BY THE ITALIAN PEOPLE, 1945
61
AXIS
POWER:
JAPAN
62
63
MILITARISTS TAKE OVER JAPANESE
GOVERNMENT
•WANTED TO RETURN THE EMPEROR TO
POWER, DISLIKED DEMOCRACY,
WANTED JAPAN TO REMOVE EUROPEAN
COLONIAL POWERS AND RULE ASIA
THEMSELVES. THEY WERE SUPPORTED
BY MANY JAPANESE BUSINESS
LEADERS. THEY HAD NO ONE LEADER
LIKE HITLER OR MUSSOLINI.
•Wanted to expand borders
64
JAPANESE TROOPS INVADING MANCHURIA,
1931 goal was more living space and natural
resources. Goal was to take China
65
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
U.S. decides not to do
anything about Japan
66
CHINESE BABY BURNED AFTER JAPANESE
BOMBERS STRIKE SHANGHAI IN 1937
67
U.S. response
• Isolationism
• U.S. was at all costs going to avoid war
• Passed Neutrality Acts
– Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at
war.
• Did not last
68
• 3RD TERM ELECTION
• LEND-LEASE
• ATLANTIC CHARTER
• U-BOATS: SUBMARINE WARFARE
• ISOLATIONISM VS. INTERVENTIONISM
• AMERICA ATTACKED
69
3RD TERM
PRESIDENT
FRANKLIN
DELANO
ROOSEVELT
70
THE UNITED STATES BECAME INVOLVED BY SUPPLYING
WAR MATERIALS FOR THE ALLIES only to those
countries who were vital to defense of U.S.
The Lend Lease Act
71
U.S. INDUSTRY GEARS UP FOR WAR AND
PRODUCES GREAT QUANTITIES OF ARMS AND
EQUIPMENT FOR ALL THE ALLIES
72
CHURCHILL AND FDR MEET AND AGREE ON THE
POSTWAR WORLD: THE ATLANTIC CHARTER
73
ATLANTIC CHARTER
President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's
Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in
the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.
First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;
Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples
concerned;
Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they
wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them;
Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States,
great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world
which are needed for their economic prosperity;
Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of
securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security;
Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all
nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the
men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want;
Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;
Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the
abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to
be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe,
pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such
nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measure which will lighten for peaceloving peoples the crushing burden of armaments.
•Franklin D. Roosevelt
Winston S. Churchill
74
Problems at Sea
75
MERCHANT SHIPS SUNK BY GERMAN
SUBMARINES (U-BOATS) FROM 1939 TO
1945
4000
3500
3000
2500
SHIPS SINK
2000
U-BOATS SUNK
1500
1000
500
TA
L
TO
19
45
19
44
19
43
19
42
19
41
19
40
19
39
0
76
77
DEFENSE SPENDING INCREASED AS THE U.S. REALIZED
IT MUST PREPARE FOR EVENTUAL WAR AGAINST THE
AGGRESSORS
6
5
4
3
billions of
dollars
2
1
0
1940
1941
78
THE ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY MARKED AS
MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE USA
79
CONVOYS
INCREASED THE
MERCHANT SHIPS’
CHANCES OF
SURVIVING THE
OCEAN VOYAGE
80
EUROPE: JUNE 1941
81
JAPAN CHOOSES WAR
82
83
THE U.S. PUT AN OIL EMBARGO ON JAPAN.
SINCE JAPAN RECEIVED 80% OF ITS OIL
FROM THE U.S., THE JAPANESE WERE
FORCED TO MODIFY THEIR CONSUMPTION.
USING COAL TO FUEL CARS
USING HORSE CARTS FOR
DELIVERIES TO SAVE GAS
84
JAPAN’S WAR MINISTER, HIDEKI TOJO
TOJO BEFORE THE WAR
TOJO AFTER THE WAR, ON
TRIAL FOR WAR CRIMES
•http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=TX4sTBJ0tvA&feature=fvst
&safety_mode=true&persist_saf
ety_mode=1&safe=active
85
•Pearl Harbor attack scene #1
•http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=1e6h9h7ky0E&playnex
t=1&list=PL2DEDD3A0833D43
00&safe=active
•#2
•http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=QnS1vDOphQ&playnext=1&list=PL2DED
D3A0833D4300&safe=active
•#3
•http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=3X6jzVvQ_vM&playne
xt=1&list=PL2DEDD3A0833D4
300&safe=active
86
•FDR declares war on Japan on Dec
8, 1941
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=M0PW1Jhuu2Q
&safe=active
87
•Hitler declares war
on the U.S. on Dec 11,
1941
88