Download Chapter 25 World War II

25
WWII
MAP 25.1 The War in Europe The Allies remained on the defensive during the first years of
the war, but by 1943 the British and Americans, with an almost endless supply of resources,
had turned the tide.
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• WWI
• Economics
• Japanese expansion
Fascism
• Ideology
• Economics
• Germany, Spain
NAZIS
• Germany
• Fanatical nationalism + racial superiority
▫ Supremacy: “Aryans”
▫ “Degenerate races”
JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
• “Rape of Nanking”
• Dec. 1937
• Rape, murder
RAPE OF NANKING
•?
• Racism
• Military culture
FIGURE 25.1b Gallup Polls: European War and World War I, 1938–1940
WAR
• U.S. neutral
• Hawaii Dec, 7,. 1941
▫ Japan
• War
• Conspiracy?
On the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a
joint session of Congress and asked for an immediate declaration of war against Japan. The
resolution passed with one dissenting vote, and the United States entered World War II.
SOURCE:AP/Wide World Photos.
INTERNMENT
• Racial stereotypes
• 110,000 Japanese
▫ Most: Americans
More than 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned during World War II, some for up to
four years. This photograph, taken by Dorothea Lange (1895–1965), the famed photographer
of Depression Era migrant families, shows the Mochida family in May 1942 waiting for a bus
that will take them to a relocation camp. SOURCE:Corbis NA001774.
Facing a shortage of workers
and increased production
demands, the War Manpower
Commission and the Office of
War Information conducted a
campaign to recruit women
into the labor force. Women
were encouraged to “take a
job for your
husband/son/brother” and to
“keep the world safe for your
children.” Higher wages also
enticed many women to take
jobs in factories producing
aircraft, ships, and ordnance.
This photograph, taken in
1942, shows a woman working
in a munitions factory.
SOURCE:The Granger Collection,New York.
Rosie the Riveter
independent
“Victory girls”
D-Day landing, June 6, 1944, marked the greatest amphibious maneuver in military history. Troop
ships ferried Allied soldiers from England to Normandy beaches. Within a month, nearly 1 million
men had assembled in France, ready to retake western and central Europe from German forces.
SOURCE:Photo by Robert Capa.CORBIS.
As part of the air war on Germany, Allied bombers launched a devastating attack on Dresden,
a major economic center, in February 1945. Of the civilians who died, most from burns or
smoke inhalation during the firestorm, a large number were women and children, refugees
from the Eastern Front. The city was left in ruins. SOURCE:“Commuters boarding a tram.” Getty Images,Inc.Photo by Fred Ramage (97K/HATY/7781/08).
HOLOCAUST
• Systematic
• Nazis
▫ “final” solution
• Death camps
• 6 million Jews
• Govt. knew
Zoot suit riots
Pachucos
Whites vs. Mexicans
EVERYONE’S WAR
Blacks
“Double V”
Tuskegee
Natives
“magic”
This photograph shows the Genbaku Dome, the exterior of one of the buildings in central Hiroshima
to survive the bombing. After the atomic bomb fell, fires thoughout the central city combined to
make a huge fire storm. A “black rain” of radioactive debris caused by the blast fell for more than a
hour, covering an even wider area. More than a quarter of the city’s population died immediately
following the explosion, and few buildings within a radius of three miles were left standing.
Bettmann/Corbis.