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History & the Novel Germany - The Rise and Fall of Nazism Key Timeline, 1918 - 1945 1918 1923-4 • • • • Revolution from Above & Below Democratic republic created under Socialist government (SPD) War ends in defeat – SPD blamed 1919-20 • • • Extreme left & right attempt coups Ultra democratic constitution introduced – created multiparty coalitions under PR Versailles Treaty imposed – appeared harsh and unfair to most Germans • • French invasion of Germany’s Ruhr German hyper-inflation Hitler attempted coup - briefly jailed 1924-29 • Golden years for Germany domestically under leadership of moderate Stresemann • Abroad, ‘Locarno Spirit’ brings hopes for European peace and prosperity • Hitler reorganises Nazi Party & attempts to win electoral support 1929 • • • • Wall Street Crash In USA. Leaves Germany near collapse once more Growth in support for Communist Party Rapid Growth in support for Nazi Party 1935 • Anti-Semitic Nuremberg laws introduced • Conscription introduced • Nazification of economy under the 4 year plans 1936 • 1933-34 • • • Hitler takes power in Germany, thanks to popular and elite support Foundations of Nazi Dictatorship created as Hitler assumes new role of ‘Fuhrer’ • Spanish Civil War - Germany joins Italy in support for Franco’s Fascists Hitler takes back control of the Rhineland Berlin Olympics takes place – all major powers attend 1938 1939-45 • Anti Semitism stepped up in Germany with Kristallnacht • Introduction of Anti-Semitic Laws in Italy for first time – marks new alliance between powers • Nazi invasion of Austria and Czechoslovakian Sudetenland – ‘allowed’ by Britain via Munich Agreement • World War II ends in German defeat • - and Hitler’s suicide 1939 • Nazi invasion of rest of Czechoslovakia • Nazi invasion of Poland • Outbreak of War