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1 Artificial Intelligence 1.1 Definition:The branch of computer science(CS) that a-makes it possible to perceive ( يدرك- )يفهم, reason()يستنتج, and act(يتخذ قرار-)يفعل. b-attempts to make SW & HW to produce results as those produced by people. c-tries to automate the intelligent behavior. perceive reason act The American Association for Artificial Intelligence • Definition of Artificial Intelligence : The scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines. 1.2 General characteristics of AI Problems • Input to problems: a- inexact, missing, or poorly defined information. b-huge amount of input information • Solution characteristics: a-does not respond to algorithmic solutions, but depends on heuristic. b-not exact nor optimal solution is required. 1.3 Some AI Application Areas ّ )بحث مر. • Game Playing: needs heuristic search(شد • Expert Systems: relies mainly on the knowledge of a human domain expert. • Machine Learning()قدرة اآللة على التعلم: To add a learning capability to machines. • Training Simulators()محاكيات التدريب: like flight simulators. • Pattern Recognition((التعرف على االنماط: To map patterns to objects. • Computer vision()الرؤية بالحاسب: to allow a robot to recognize objects in different lighting environments. • Robotics((االنسان االلي: to design machines that do some of the human tasks.