Download Artificial Intelligence

1 Artificial Intelligence
1.1 Definition:The branch of computer
science(CS) that
a-makes it possible to perceive (‫ يدرك‬- ‫)يفهم‬,
reason(‫)يستنتج‬, and act(‫يتخذ قرار‬-‫)يفعل‬.
b-attempts to make SW & HW to produce
results as those produced by people.
c-tries to automate the intelligent behavior.
perceive
reason
act
The American Association for Artificial Intelligence
•
Definition of Artificial Intelligence :
The scientific understanding of the
mechanisms underlying thought and
intelligent behavior and their embodiment
in machines.
1.2 General characteristics of AI Problems
• Input to problems:
a- inexact, missing, or poorly defined
information.
b-huge amount of input information
• Solution characteristics:
a-does not respond to algorithmic
solutions, but depends on heuristic.
b-not exact nor optimal solution is required.
1.3 Some AI Application Areas
ّ ‫)بحث مر‬.
• Game Playing: needs heuristic search(‫شد‬
• Expert Systems: relies mainly on the knowledge
of a human domain expert.
• Machine Learning(‫)قدرة اآللة على التعلم‬: To add a
learning capability to machines.
• Training Simulators(‫)محاكيات التدريب‬: like flight
simulators.
• Pattern Recognition(‫(التعرف على االنماط‬: To map
patterns to objects.
• Computer vision(‫)الرؤية بالحاسب‬: to allow a robot to
recognize objects in different lighting
environments.
• Robotics(‫(االنسان االلي‬: to design machines that do
some of the human tasks.