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KE2 Affordances of Technologies:
ClinVP
Clinical Thinking in 3D
Dr George Ke
24th March 2011
Affordances of what???
• “A characteristic of an object, especially relating to its
potential utility, which can be inferred from visual or other
perceptual signals; a quality or utility which is readily
apparent or available.” – Oxford English Dictionary
• “An affordance is a quality of an object, or an environment,
that allows an individual to perform an action.” –Wikipedia
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Affordances from user’s point of view
• “what actions the user perceives to be possible rather than
what is true.” – Just Noticeable Difference by Don Norman
• “Does the user perceive that clicking on that object is a
meaningful, useful action, with a known outcome? ” – Just
Noticeable Difference by Don Norman
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Affordances of ClinVP
• Allows students to
– practise clinical skills
(history taking, examination, investigation, differential diagnosis and
patient management)
– apply clinical skills to real-world scenarios
– see the consequences of their actions as feedback
– learn from mistakes
• in an interactive and engaging manner
• in an immersive learning environment
• in a safe environment
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Affordances of Technologies
• Artificial Intelligence
– allows conversations in natural language with VP
– learns new conversations with human users
– tracks user interactions
– facilitates more realistic history taking and examination
• A.L.I.C.E. chatbot
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Affordances of Technologies
• Semantic Web and Ontologies
– model patient data
(anatomy, conditions, symptom, etc.)
– support decision making
– formulate constructive feedback
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Affordances of Technologies
• Virtual World
– provides immersive and situated learning in 3D
– allows interaction with VP and/or other users
– offers more direct interaction with objects
– offers a sense of reality
• Perioperative demo
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Affordances of Technologies
• Complex learning paths are possible
Mr. Brown comes back to the GP
Mr. Brown attending the
GP with condition X
Diagnosis
Send Mr. Brown home
Mr. Brown’s condition
worsens
Mr. Brown is dead
Send Mr. Brown to the hospital
Send Mr. Brown home
Test conducted and
results interpreted
Treatment A
Treatment B
Mr. Brown does not
respond to treatment B
Treatment C
Mr. Brown is cured
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Affordances from user’s point of view
• Does the user think the technologies support the action
they perform to achieve their goals, i.e. learning?
• False affordance
– while we want to make ClinVP as realistic as possible,
technical limitations can lead users to mistakes and
misunderstandings
• Follow-up evaluation on student behaviour and
performance is required to assess students’ perception
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Summary
• Affordances = possibilities, potential, user perceptions
• Artificial Intelligence, Semantic Web, Ontologies and
Virtual World
• With technologies, we can support more complex learning
design
• Technologies would only work when the user thinks they
work
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