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Chemistry
• Chemistry is a physical science.
• Chemistry is the study of composition, structure, and properties of
matter, the process that matter undergoes and the energy changes that
accompany these process.
• Chemical- A chemical any substance that has a definite composition.
Chemistry
• Scope of chemistry- Chemistry has a wide range of studies
including:
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Materials
Energy
(conversion, production, storage)
Medicines & Biotechnology
Agriculture ( fertilizers, pesticides)
The environments (identification of pollutants, and their preventions, global warming,
acid rain etc.)
• The universe ( materials from moon or mars, search for water and life )
Branches of chemistry
• Organic chemistry- Study of carbon containing compounds.
• Inorganic chemistry-the study of non organic substances.
• Physical chemistry- The study of properties and the changes of matter and
their relation to energy.
• Analytical chemistry- The identification of the components and
composition of material
• Biochemistry- the study of substances and the processes occurring in living
things.
• Theoretical chemistry- The use of mathematics and computer to
understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to
design and predict the properties of new substance.
Matter- Any thing which has mass and
occupies volume is called matter
Yes
Mixture (impure)
Matter (mass & Volume)
Can it be separated
No
Substance (pure)
Is it a single Phase?
Yes
Homogeneous
Mixture
Air, wine, steel, gasoline
Can it decompose in lab?
No
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Soil, pizza, salsa
Yes
Compound
sugar, water, wax
No
Element
Gold, hydrogen, carbon
Mixture- A blend of two or more kind of
matter
• Mixtures can be separated by using physical methods
• Use of magnet ( iron pieces, etc)
• Filtration - Insoluble substance can be retained on filter paper.
• Decantation- Suspended (insoluble) particles will settle down.
• Evaporation- Solvent will evaporate, and nonvolatile solid is left
behind.
• Distillation- A volatile solvent is heat in a flask, vapors are cooled with
a condenser and collected in a container.
• Chromatography- Different compounds move with different speeds
through a moving medium.
Scientific Method- A logical approach to solve
problems by observing and collecting data,
formulating hypothesis, testing hypothesis, and
formulating theory supported by more data.
• Observing and collecting data.
Collect information from the experiment
System- It is a specific portion of matter in a region of space that has been selected for
study during an experiment.
• Forming Hypothesis-Testable statement is called Hypothesis.
• Testing hypothesis- It requires experimentation to prove or disprove hypothesis.
Experiment with controlled, independent and dependent variable.
• Model- It is more than a physical object; It explains how does a phenomenon occur
and how data or event are related.
• Theorizing- A broad generalization statement that explains a body of facts.
SI Units of measurement
• Quantity = 5lb apples, 2meter rope, 5 kilogram sugar
• Quantity = # followed by a unit to indicate the quantity.
• Mass (m) - Quantity of matter – Unit is kilogram - kg
• Length (l) – quantity is length - unit meter – m
• Time (t) – Quantity is time – unit is second – s
• Temperature (T)- degree of hotness (or coldness) – unit Kelvin- K
Derived units- combination of two or more
base units
• Area (A) = length (cm) x width (cm) = ……… cm2
• Volume (V) = length cm x width cm x height cm = …… cm3
• Density = mass g/ volume ml = ……. g/ml or g/cm cube
• Concentration( C) = moles/liter
• Specific heat (cp) = j/g