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Study of Life Themes ppt by Kim Foglia with modifications by J. Coleman AP Biology 2007-2008 Themes Science as a process of inquiry questioning & investigation Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society AP Biology Science as a process of inquiry AP Biology Science as a process of inquiry Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses AP Biology Evolution Core theme of biology Connects EVERYTHING… AP Biology Charles Darwin "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." -- Theodosius Dobzhansky March 1973 Geneticist, Columbia University (1900-1975) AP Biology 2007-2008 Natural selection Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection AP Biology Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms have adaptations. Evolution explains unity & diversity Unity what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? common biochemistry & physiology evolutionary relationships connected through common ancestor Diversity but why are there differences? natural selection adaptations allow different AP Biology individuals to survive in different environments AP Biology Organizing systems Making sense out of the diversity Hierarchical scheme Eastern gray squirrel AP Sciurus Biology carolinensis 3 Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Bacteria AP Biology Archaea Eukarya Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next Cornerstone of evolutionary change as well You can make more, a lot like you! AP Biology T R A I T Energy transfer It takes ENERGY to keep stuff from falling apart! At the cellular level Photosynthesis harvest Respiration - use At the ecosystem level Energy Flow sun > producers > consumers Nutrient Cycling Materials used to build bodies go round ‘n round…. AP Biology DECOMPOSERS ENTROPY RULES! RULE, too! nutrients Energy Harvesting and Nutrient Cycling… You think they’re eating… They’re actually harvesting energy and cycling nutrients! AP Biology Form follows function The alignment of structure & function is seen at all levels of biology organism cell AP Biology organ organelle Regulation Organisms need to maintain a “steady state” in the face of changing conditions maintain homeostasis achieve this through feedback monitor the body like a thermostat turn on when it’s needed, off when its not AP Biology Regulation But individual organisms are not the only biological entities that regulate… Entire ecosystems undergo regulation as well AP Biology Predator / prey relationships Nutrient cycling And this leads us to…. Interdependence No organism is an island standing alone AP Biology communities, ecosystems Science, technology & society Science & particularly technology profoundly change society TV, computers, cell phones, DNA technologies, medicine… ethics Science & technology must function within the rules of society AP Biology Themes Science as a process of inquiry questioning & investigation Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society AP Biology Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge themes are the key to understanding the true nature of living organisms DON’T drown in the details! AP Biology ANY QUESTIONS? AP Biology 2007-2008