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FIRST 5 Review the types of evidence for evolution with a partner and determine: 1.) Which is the most convincing (and why) 2.) Which is the LEAST convincing (and why) Theory of evolution: Change in allele frequency over time Change in a species over time Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms Charles Darwin: a 19th century English naturalist who first published this theory. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION DIRECT EVIDENCE INDIRECT EVIDENCE MIMICRY FOSSILS CAMOUFLAGE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY (homologous and vestigial structures) DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE (in viruses, bacteria, insects) COMPARATIVE EMBRYOLOGY ARTIFICIAL SELECTION (food, dogs) BIOCHEMISTRY (DNA, PROTEINS) MIMICRY A species LOOKS Like another Species-as a warning to predators-even if they are harmless. CAMOUFLAGE A species has structures or coloring that Allows it to blend in with its environment-to hide from predators. DIRECT EVIDENCE Physiological adaptations Adaptations in the biochemicals or the metabolism of a species that allow it to survive. Examples: • Antibiotic resistance in bacteria • Pesticide resistance • Resistance of viruses to medication Antibiotic resistance Bacteria will become resistant to antibiotics (which will normally kill them) Pesticide resistance Insects can also develop resistance to pesticides-due to random mutations that naturally occur in the population INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOSSILS Anything left by organisms that lived a long time ago. • • • • • Bones Skeletons Footprints Imprints feces ARCHYOPTERYX Tiktaalik https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGqae7 vuUWo INDIRECT EVIDENCE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY Comparing the internal and external parts of the organisms of different species HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Structures that came from a common ancestor and have similar functions. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES Structures that DID NOT come from a common ancestor, but have common functions. CONVERGENT STRUCTURES VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES Structures organism. that have no use for the Geographic distribution INDIRECET EVIDENCE COMPARATIVE EMBRYOLOGY Comparing embryos from different species. Embryo-an early stage of development of an organism. INDIRECT EVIDENCE BIOCHEMISTRY The chemicals required for life DNA, RNA, ATP, etc… When DNA sequences are compared between different organisms, the more they are the same, the more related the organisms are, the more they are different, the less related they are. Comparing amino acid sequences Direct evidence Artificial selection Humans have artificially selected traits that they want in food (corn, vegetables) and pets! ARTIFICIAL SELECTION QUIZ! (Open notes) 1.) What is evolution? 2.) What are the 4 steps of natural selection? 3.) What is the LEAST convincing piece of evidence for evolution and why? 4.) What is the MOST convincing piece of evidence for evolution and why? 5.) Choose any type of evidence for evolution and give an example that is NOT from the book or from Today’s lecture notes. Turn in your REVIEW outline on the front tableYou have 1 minute after the bell or it is Late! MAKE SURE THAT YOUR NAME IS ON IT!!!! Homework for today: Make an outline of all of the topics that we have discussed THIS QUARTER (since January). This will be your review sheet for the Mid-term exam this Friday. The more detailed, the better. Include important vocabulary terms and concepts. This will be graded: 100, 90, 80, 70, 50, or a 0. Blue footed booby dance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z922by 9_6Fw