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LA-UR-09-06659 rev. Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy MaRIE: (Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes) The Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes (MaRIE) Concept for Transformational Materials Performance in Extreme Environments Cris W. Barnes Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D MaRIE: Materials R&D Capability for 21st Century National Security and Energy Security MaRIE addresses materials challenges across missions MaRIE will transform the science of microstructure, interfaces, and defects MaRIE enables the transition from “observation” to “control” MaRIE provides tools for transformational materials performance in extremes Next-generation solar cell architecture Radiation-induced swelling Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D Fundamental limit Work FFF The transition from “observation & validation” to “prediction & control” is a central mission challenge AND the frontier of materials research http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html By engaging thousands of scientists around the world in a series of workshops, BES has defined 5 key grand challenges for materials research Control the quantum behavior of electrons in materials Synthesize, atom by atom, new forms of matter with tailored properties Control emergent properties that arise from the complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents Synthesize man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things Control matter very far away from equilibrium “The intersection of control science with high-functioning materials creates a tipping point for sustainable energy” MaRIE provides to the user community the needed “beyond nano” tools for discovering and controlling complex materials Slide 3 Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D The transition from “observation & validation” to “prediction & control” is a central mission challenge AND the frontier of materials research Nuclear weapons program challenges • Product-based certification is the future • Dynamic material properties are critical to understanding weapons • Material LANL properties at the micron scale are key to understanding the uncertainties in our current knobs • 9 of top 11 NM RRW technical risks materials-related LLNL • Phase, density, temperature, and fracture all benefit from measurements at the crystal to grain scale. Experimental capabilities to validate multi-scale models, especially on the meso-scale, are needed The same challenge of productbased certification is vital to future advanced nuclear energy systems! MaRIE will be the first capability with unique co-located tools necessary to realize transformational advances in materials performance in extremes Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D Real materials are poly-crystalline, with interfaces and defects – that increase in extreme environments (pressure, radiation, …) Mesoscale Materials Dynamics Note that a shock wave traverses a grain in a couple nanoseconds Energetic Materials Radiation Damage (He bubbles) Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D We need MaRIE to bridge the “micron gap” of meso-scale materials dynamics ~ 1 µm scale (and time scale ~sound transit) represents an experimental and theoretical frontier, where discovery science and predictive validation meet We will bridge the atomic scale/molecular dynamics studies and continuum models/integrated tests. • • Defect consequences and microstructure interactions that drive materials strength and damage evolution Translation of unit-scale emergent functionality to device realization/interface phenomena MaRIE will provide unique capabilities for unraveling micron-scale interactions, bridging the regime between imaging and scattering Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D Frontier Experiments define Functional Requirement Clusters Frontier Experiments Compression Dynamics Structural Materials in Dynamic Extremes Control of Complex Turbulent Materials and flows Chemical Processes Warm Dense Matter Drive Functional Requirements Defect and Dislocation Dynamics; Dynamic performance of bulk material In-situ density, volume, macrostructure and cracks Ultrafast pumpMultiple probe; swept measurements spectroscopy; over longer times nano-imaging Intense ion beams Which Lead to Technical Alternatives High-energy coherent x-ray imaging; dynamic electron Proton radiography; microscopy; variable strain- high-energy transient x-ray diffraction rate drive; multiple surface diagnostics Next generation Limits on duty High-intensity temporal control cycle; phase ultra-fast laser for x-rays; optical contrast system ultra-fast lasers imaging Slide 7 Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D Facility Definition Process Science-driven functional requirements lead to integrated facility needs that are fulfilled by MaRIE User Driven Science Matter at Dynamic Extremes Compression science Process-aware performance Turbulence/WDM Rad Matter Interactions for Fission & Fusion Void nucleation/swelling Microstructural evolution Phase stability Thermal transport Corrosion Radiation Matter Interaction for Energy Conversion Rad-hard photovoltaics High-density energy storage Control of complex mat’ls & chemical props Complex oxides Metamaterials Advanced armor Materiel Needs Functional Requirements Performance Gaps Alternatives Analyses Extreme Environments Extreme p, T, strain rate High-Φ fast n irradiation Special nuclear & hazardous materials Electronic state excitation in E, B extremes In-situ subgranular measurements of multi-grain materials in extreme environments Microstructure 50-100 keV coherent, brilliant x-ray source Dynamic charged particle imaging Intense ion source for isochoric heating of solid matter to 10-100 eV Crystallography, composition, phase, defect density Imaging Syntheses capability Phys & Chem properties Directed Synthesis with In Situ Characterization Ability to predict new mat’ls Defect/interface control Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA Facility Concept 1015cm-2s-1 fast n source w/ relevant spectrum, transmutation, He & H production Extremely short optical photon pulses for pumping & probing Density, ejecta, particles, strain, cracks, corrosion layers, & interface control Preferred Alternative & Roadmap Single crystal growth Metastable phases Flexible fabrication & processing 10-nm control of 2D & 3D structures U N C L A S S I F I E D MaRIE builds upon existing $B investments at LANSCE with the addition of the: • XFEL • Multiprobe Diagnostic Hall (MPDH) • Fission-Fusion Materials Facility (FFMF) • Making, Measuring, & Modeling Material (M4) Facility 8-12 keV XFELs are the transformative tools of right now! European XFEL @ DESY has broken ground (first light ~2015) LCLS @ SLAC lased on first try (4/10/09), exceeded expectations! Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D A high-energy-photon (50-115 keV) X-ray Free Electron Laser allows multigranular sample penetration and multipulse dynamics without significant sample perturbation Meanwhile, proton and/or electron microscopy can provide absolute density and velocities through the sample volume. Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D Probe access into extreme environments can require very low divergence and high brightness 11 Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D Science covered in Dynamic Extremes at MaRIE e-beam Meso-scale Material Dynamics optical laser XFEL o Response of multi-granular material to dynamic deformation o Micron-scale insights towards predicting high explosives o Includes key earth science materials Multi-scale pRad optical laser Fluid Dynamics XFEL o Measure 3D multi-scale mean flow and turbulence o Variable material turbulent flows for diverse applications o Ability to measure all relevant scales for validation Turbulent spray optical laser Emergent XFEL Phenomena in Complex Materials o Ultrafast (10–100 fs) measurements in Extreme Environments Magnetic field Extreme Field Interactions with Matter o Light intensities >1024W/cm2 o 10–200 MeV gamma-ray nuclear physics Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D optical laser e-beam MaRIE provides the first comprehensive set of co-located tools to realize transformational advances in materials performance in extremes First x-ray scattering capability at high energy and high repetition frequency with simultaneous charged particle dynamic imaging (Multi-Probe Diagnostic Hall) Unique in-situ diagnostics and irradiation environments beyond best planned facilities (Fission and Fusion Materials Facility) Comprehensive, integrated resource for materials synthesis and control, with national security infrastructure (Making, Measuring & Modeling Materials Facility) “Physicists perform elegant experiments on crummy samples while materials scientists perform crummy experiments on elegant samples” MaRIE will provide unprecedented international user resources Slide 13 Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA U N C L A S S I F I E D