Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Evaluating Data in Research Joey finished at the 74th percentile on his EOC Algebra test. 74th percentile means Above 74% of test takers Actual #75, there is no 100th percentile We look for…….. A measure of central tendency is a single score that represents a whole set of scores. Mean – Average most easily skewed by outliers (extreme numbers) Median Middle value (midpoint, or 50th percentile) (Place in sequential order and find middle number) Mode Most frequently occurring score A Skewed Distribution 90 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 475 70 Mode Median One Family Mean Income per family in thousands of dollars 710 Measures of variability RANGE: difference between the highest and lowest scores (can be deceptive due to outliers) MEAN 7 6 1 11 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 measures of variability STANDARD DEVIATION: how much any given score differs from the average, or mean score +1 sd -1 sd MEAN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The more spread out the scores, the larger the STANDARD DEVIATION. +1 sd MEAN -1 sd 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 SD = 68% of scores 2 SD = 95% of scores 3 SD = 99.7% of scores 2 High School punters Kicker A: mean distance: 39.8 yds Standard deviation: + 14 yds. Kicker B: mean distance: 34.5 yds. Standard deviation: + 4 yds. Which player do you play? • Player B – team will know where to run Z score number that represents how many SD’s a particular score differs from the mean The mean score for the class was 80, with a SD of 10. Joey scored 60 on his test. What’s his z score? Betsy scored a 95. what is her z score? When is a study’s data significant? When there is a significant difference between the results (data) for the control group and experimental group. When the data is reliable (consistent) 1. What is the mean of the following distribution of scores: 2, 3, 7, 6, 1, 4, 9, 5, 8, 2? A. 5 B. 4 C. 4.7 D. 3.7 E. 6 Answer: c 2. What is the median of the following distribution of scores: 1, 3, 7, 7, 2, 8, 4? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Answer: d 3. What is the mode of the following distribution: 8, 2, 1, 1, 3, 7, 6, 2, 0, 2? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 7 Answer: b 4. Seven members of a Girl Scout troop report the following individual earnings from their sale of candy: $4, $1, $7, $6, $8, $2, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings: a. b. c. d. e. The mean is equal to the mode and equal to the median The mean is less than the mode and equal to the median The mean is equal to the mode and greater than the median The mean is greater than the mode and greater than the median The mean is less than the mode and less than the median Mean=5, median=6, mode=7 Answer=e Ethics in Research APA Ethical Guidelines – Informed Consent – No harm to patients – Confidentiality – Debriefing Animal Testing Statistics to consider… 30,000,000 animals used for research each year constitutes 1% of animals killed each year to eat. 200,000 dogs and cats researched annually / animal shelters euthanize 50x that each year Is it morally acceptable to place the wellbeing of humans above other animals regarding research?