Download Rocks & Minerals (Taina D).

By: Taina Delgado
Introduction
Have you ever seen solid materials outside
on the ground? These are called rocks.
Rocks are solid materials that make up the
outer layer of earth’s surface. Minerals are
particles that make up a rock. Rocks &
Minerals is something that you’ll be
learning in the 4th grade. A geologist is a
type of scientist who study's rocks.
Geologist
Minerals
Minerals are what make up a
rock. Rocks are at least made
up of one mineral or more.
Granite for example is made
up of different types of
minerals such as mica,
feldspar, quartz, and
hornblende. You can identify
a mineral by its hardness,
luster, color, and streak. Luster
is how light bounces of
something. The hardest
mineral is diamond. Diamond
is a mineral that has a clear,
glassy look to it. Diamond can
barely be scratched. Talc is
the softest mineral and used
for many things such as baby
powder and other materials.
Mica
Feldspar
Hornblende
Quartz
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks are rocks that are made from
lava and magma and is cooled and
hardened over time. Igneous means “firemade”. Magma is a liquid that makes up an
igneous rock that is below the earth’s
surface. Examples of igneous rocks are
Granite, Obsidian, and Basalt.
Granite
Obsidian
Basalt
Sedimentary Rocks
Did you ever see rocks that look like little
bits of sand glued together? These
rocks are called sedimentary rocks.
There are several types of sedimentary
rocks. One type is formed by small bits
of rock that have become pressed or
cemented together. They start out as
small broken down bits of rock carried
by water, wind, or ice. Later, the bits
and pieces are dropped off in other
places in layers. In some sedimentary
rocks, you can see fossils. Fossils are
bones or ancient thing that are found
on the ground, or in a object Examples
of sedimentary rocks are limestone,
shale, rock salt, and conglomerate.
Limestone
Shale
Rock Salt
Conglomerate
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that are
formed by heat, pressure, or both.
Metamorphic means “changed in form”.
Before the change, the rock could have
been any kind of rock: Igneous,
Sedimentary, or even another
metamorphic rock. Heat from nearby
magma causes a change in the
minerals making up a rock. The weight
of rocks stacking on top of another rock
builds pressure that can also cause the
rock to change. Geologists classify
metamorphic rocks into two groups:
bands of minerals and no bands of
minerals. Marble is an example of a
metamorphic rock. Marble is formed
when limestone is heated under pressure
Marble
Rock Cycle
Rocks are different and they are always
changing over time. All rocks are part of
a never-ending process called the rock
cycle. The rock cycle is a process where
one type of rock is changed into
another type. A cycle is something that
happens over and over again.
Rock Cycle
Resources
Pictures
 www.google.com
 www.geology.com
 Microsoft Office 2007 PowerPoint Clip Art
Information
 Science textbook
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