Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Scotland Rocks! Why are some parts of Scotland steep and some parts of Scotland flat? Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 The reason the Scottish Landscape is so varied is because it is made up of lots of different types of rocks all of which have different forces acting upon them shaping the landscape. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 There are three main types of rock: Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks Igneous rocks Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compressed remains of other rocks. They tend to form under water and often contain fossils. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Igneous rocks Igneous rocks are formed from within the earth’s crust from the cooling of molten material they are sometimes extruded onto the earth surface (for example at volcanoes). Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Metamorphic rocks Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Metamorphic rocks have been changed and hardened by extreme heat from molten rocks within the crust or have been made by great pressure caused by earth movements. The Geology of Scotland Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Characteristics of rocks Some rocks are relatively soft (eg: salt)… …while others are relatively hard. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Characteristics of rocks Some rocks are permeable – they allow water to drain through them easily. Others are impermeable and keep all water on the surface. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 All rocks, even the hardest ones, have weaknesses. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 What shapes the land? All over the Earth, rivers, waves, glaciers and the wind are hard at work, shaping the landscape. We call them geological agents. They pick up or erode weathered material... they carry or transport it somewhere else... then they drop or deposit it. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Sennen Cove, Cornwall Ocean waves, created by the wind, crash into the coastline and over time erode to form caves, stacks, stumps and arches. Chesil Beach, Dorset Waves drag sediment along coast and deposit material in sheltered coves forming beaches. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Kirkaig Falls Kirkaig Falls Rivers flow over rocks of different resistance, eroding them at different speeds to create impressive waterfalls. Volga Delta When rivers reach the sea they lose energy and deposit sediment that can form large deltas. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 The wind picks up small particles of rock and blows it into bigger rocks slowly eroding and scratching them away over time. In some hot deserts, when the wind drops in speed and loses energy, it deposits sand forming sand dunes. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Glaciers erode by plucking and abrading rocks from the valley sides. Austwick, North Yorkshire Mer de Glace, France When the ice melts some of these rocks are deposited and left behind. (Erratic) Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Your Turn! Read pages: 16 and 17 Answer Questions: 1–3 Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012