Download Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm

Grounding the Ontology on the
Semantic Interpretation Algorithm
Fernando Gomez
School of Computer Science
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida
Motivation
 The changes to the WordNet 1.6 ontology have
come about as the result of:
 Defining verb predicates for most Wordnet verb
classes
 Implementing an algorithm that uses the predicates
to determine verb meaning, semantic roles, adjuncts
attach prepositional phrases and interpret deverbal
nominalizations
Defining Predicates Valid
Across Domains/Corpora
 The selectional restrictions in the predicates are
WordNet noun ontology categories
 The selectional restrictions should be valid across
any domain
 By “valid” is meant that the algorithm using the
predicate definitions should determine verb
meaning, semantic roles, etc. in most sentences
selected randomly from a given corpus
Failing to Interpret and the
Ontology
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Some Examples:
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France invaded Russia in 1812.
She burned the letters.
The fish hides in a crevice.
Blood flew from the wound.
The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks.
She was born on a plantation at Grand Riviere.
He spent money on foolish projects.
She buried the money under the tree.
Physical-Thing (entity1)
 Physical-Thing(entity1)
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Location (location1)
Physical-object (object1)
Substance (substance1)
Physical-Group
Physical-Process -> Process
Natural-Phenomenon -> Phenomenon
Physical-Object
 Physical-Object(object1,except
substance1 and location1)
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Physical-part (part7)
Plant-Part(plant-part1) -> ANIMATE
 Animal-Body-Part(body-part1) -> ANI
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Animate (life-form1)
Artifact (artifact1)
Artifact1
 This concept has undergone few changes
except for:
 Structure1  Location
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Some hyponyms  Organization
Building1(tavern, library, hotel, restaurant …)
 Examples: “The restaurant hired a new
chef.” “The library has acquired 300 new
books.”
Location (Location1)
 District ((district1)(territory2))
 Organization
 State-or-Province (state2)
 Organization
 Country ((country1) (state3))  Organization
 Continent (continent1)
 Organization
 Residential-District
 Organization
(residential_district1)
Modifications to Group1
 Physical-Group is formed by all those
concepts under group1 which are a collection
of physical things, e.g., fleet, flora, fauna …
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“The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks.”
 Social_Group1  Human-Agent
Abstraction (abstraction6)
 Possession2 (unique concept in WN)
 Psychological-Feature1 (unique in WN)
 Property (property2, property4)
 Relation (relation1)
 Space (space1)
 Time
Possession (possession2)
 Debt_Instrument1 (junk bond, note
receivable, etc.) has been made a subconcept
of Possession and Written-Communication
 Some hyponyms have been extracted:
territory2 (dominion, province …) and
real_property1 (hacienda, plantation .)
 Some concepts have been been tangled to
Physical-Thing (property1, belongings, etc.)
Communication
 Act-of-Communicating (communication1,
has act2 as hypernym in WN)
 Something-Communicated
(communication2 a hyponym of
social_relation1  relation1 in WN)
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Written-Communication  Physical-Thing
 Print-Media (print_media1, a hyponym of
artifact1 in WN)
Space (space1)
 Space (space1)
Mathematical-Space (space2)
 Empty-Area (space3)  Location
 Outer-Space (space5)  Location
Note: space3 is not a subconcept of location in WN
and space5 is not a subconcept of space in WN.
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Time
 Time
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time-continuum (time5)
time-unit (time_unit1)  Measure
time-period (time-period1)
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indefinite-period (time2)
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time-interval (time-interval1)
clock-time (clock-time1)
Psychological-Feature
(Psychological-Feature1)
 Psychological-State  state4
 Cognitive-StateState4
 Personal-Trait (trait1)  Abstraction6
Note: These concepts have become
subconcepts of psychological_feature1
Quantity (quantity2)
 Mathematical-Quantity (quantity3, a
hyponym of psychological-feature in WN)
 Measure
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Measure-Quantum (measure3)
Measurement (measure1)
Magnitude-relation (magnitude-relation1)
Process(process2)
 Physical-Process  Physical-Thing
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Natural-Process
 Cognitive-Process  Psychological-Feature
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Unconscious-Process (process5)
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Psychoanalytic-Process
Note: Process5, and Cognitive-Process have
Psychological-Feature as hypernym in WN, not
Process, while Psychoanalytic-Process has only
process
Unique Upper-Level Concepts
 Physical-Thing (entity1)
 Abstraction (abstraction6)
 Action (action1)
 State-R (state4)
 Event (event1)
 Process (process2)
 Phenomenon (phenomenon1)
Conclusions
 We have explained some reorganizations and
changes to the WN 1.6 upper-level ontology
 These modifications have been dictated by a
semantic interpretation algorithm
 These modifications are within the principles
that inspire WN noun ontology and can be
easily integrated within it.