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What is Earth Made of? Rocks Minerals What does Earth look like from space? Oblate Spheroid- sphere that bulges in the center Distance from Earth’s surface to the core varies around the world Distance from the Poles to core is less than the distance from equator to core Earth’s Interior Earth’s Interior What are rocks? Rock- a naturally formed group of minerals bound together; can consist of largely of one mineral or several different minerals in varying quantities. Most minerals and rocks are formed deep under Earth’s surface. Where do rocks form? Rocks formed at Earth’s surface come from lava. Rocks formed under Earth’s surface come from magma. Three Rock Types 1. Igneous- formed by cooling and hardening of hot, molten rock 2. Sedimentary- formed by the compaction and cementation of layers of sediments 3. Metamorphic- formed by the effects of heat and pressure on preexisting rocks Igneous Rocks Felsic- large amounts of silica; generally lighter in color Common minerals in felsic rocks: quartz, potassium feldspar Mafic- large amounts of iron; generally darker in color Common minerals in mafic rocks: pyroxenes, amphiboles, and biotite