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Warm Up The model above shows two continental plates. The folded mountains in this model form at which type of plate boundary? F Transform boundary G Divergent boundary H Subduction boundary J Convergent boundary Current Events You have 15 minutes What’s Inside? Materials: • • • Sealed box with object inside Science Notebook Pencil or pen Procedure: 1. DO NOT OPEN THE BOX. The box will remain sealed throughout this lesson. 2. Use your senses to gather information about the object in the box. 3. Write your observations on the piece of paper. You need to write 6 observations on a piece of notebook paper titled “ What’s Inside” 4. Analyze your observations. Form a conclusion about the object’s shape and size. Write a brief conclusion “I think what is inside the box is (shape), (size), (density), (property 1) and (property 2).” 5. On the paper, draw the box and what you think the object inside looks like. Without the option of opening the box, what tools might make the identification of what is in the box easier? What clues did you use to determine what is inside? So What’s in Your Box? Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 What’s Inside How do scientist use indirect evidence to develop explanations or theories? Based on observations and experiences They develop models What are some phenomena that scientist cannot see? Distant planets Cells Microorganisms Atoms DNA Power of 10 What is the smallest unit of matter? An atom Can we see atoms? Not with the naked eye Power of 10 Show Leaf http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopti csu/powersof10/index.html Atoms are the building blocks of matter At which point can you no longer see the object with you eyes? Which tools would help you magnify things? Bill Nye Video Size Comparison http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUAFqkS7y9M Bill Nye http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnXV7Ph3WPk How Small is an Atom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I Warm Up A researcher wants to experiment with an element that reacts like phosphorus (P) but has a greater atomic mass. Which element should the researcher select for the experiment? A Nitrogen (N) B Sulfur (S) C Arsenic (As) D Silicon (Si) Review Think back to Friday. Remember the Power of 10, with the leaf Size Comparison http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUAFqkS7y9M Power of 10 What is the smallest unit of matter? An atom Can we see atoms? Not with the naked eye Paper Cutting Activity How large is an atom? 0.00000002 cm ( two hundred millionths of a cm) is the size of an atom Let see if we can make a visual model for the size of an atom. Paper Cutting Activity Cut the paper in half as many times as you can. Keep the trash in the lid COUNT how many time your cut and record that number on the half sheet of paper Paper Cutting Activity How many time did you cut the paper in half? Did anyone cut a piece of paper down to the size of one atom? Can we actually cut the paper until we arrive at the size of an atom? Why? Then how have scientist developed their ideas about atoms? Based on observation (indirect evidence) of the behavior of matter Notes LISTEN to the PowerPoint as I read Record the correct answer in the blank Democritus 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom His theory: all atoms are small hard particles made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes always moving, and that they form different materials by joining together John Dalton John Dalton 1803 - British chemist; elements combined in specific proportions to form compounds. His theory: all substances are made of atoms that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed atoms join with other atoms to make new substances atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different in mass and size (elements) Edward Frankland 1852 - English chemist developed the valence theory His theory: every atom has a fixed number of bonds (chemical links) that it can form for the atom to be stable, all of these bonds must be used. J.J. Thomson J.J. Thomson 1897 - English chemist and physicist discovered 1st subatomic particles His theory: negatively charged particles called electrons and positively charged matter created a model to describe the atom as a sphere filled with positive matter with negative particles mixed in Referred to it as the plum pudding model Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford 1912 - New Zealand physicist discovered the nucleus His theory: small, dense, positively charged particle present in nucleus called a proton electrons travel around the nucleus, but their exact places cannot be described Niels Bohr Niels Bohr 1913 - Danish physicist discovered energy levels His theory: electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths and fixed distances electrons can jump from one level to a path in another level Erwin Shrodinger Erwin Shrodinger 1924 - Austrian physicist developed the electron cloud model His theory: electrons exact path cannot be predicted regions, referred to as the electron cloud, are areas where electrons can likely be found. James Chadwick 1932 - English physicist discovered neutrons His theory: neutrons have no electrical charge neutrons have a mass nearly equal to the mass of a proton unit of measurement for subatomic particles is the atomic mass unit (amu) Videos How Small is an Atom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I Bill Nye http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnXV7Ph3WPk Warm Up iPad 101 Basic structure features Saving battery life Screen shot Double click home 3 finger, 4 finger, 5 finger swipe Copy/Paste/Select Organization Delete Basic Aps Lock iPad 101 Fun features Emoji Screen savers Safety Take care of your iPad! Its your responsibility! Do not give out passcodes Research Research Tools Site.gov Site.edu “Country Code” Site:(then country code) Search tool bar Google operators “” Extra iBooks iTunes U NASA Atoms HD Lite Now download these atom Aps I will never ask you to pay for a download Warm Up Notes Go to ebackpack and find your first science assignment Open the file in UPad You will fill in each blank with 3 things from the slide show If it in red its probably very important Modern Theory of the Atom Atoms are composed of three main subatomic particles: the electron, the proton, and the neutron. Scroll down to the bottom of the page, draw and label an atom Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus of the atom. Modern Theory of the Atom The protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus while the electrons exist outside of the nucleus. In stable atoms, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Protons=Electrons Modern Theory of the Atom Valence electrons are the outermost electrons and are where bonding takes place Modern Theory of the Atom The type of atom is determined by the number of protons it has. The number of protons in an atom is equal to the atomic number Protons = Atomic Number Modern Theory of the Atom The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a particular atom is called the atomic mass Proton + Neutrons = Atomic Mass APE MAN and PEN Switch to MIMIO Warm Up Turn Current Events and Warm Up in Separate Basket by Sink Video How Small is an Atom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I Download: Atoms HD Lite What Is an Atom? Atoms are often referred to as the building blocks of matter. Each element on the periodic table is composed of one type of atom and cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. What Is an Atom? Atoms are composed of smaller subatomic particles such as the proton, neutron, and electron. Atoms contain a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud that consists of one or more energy levels. Protons are positive Neutron are neutral Electrons are negative Inner Structure of an Atom • Nucleus - Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom which contains most of the atom’s mass Inner Structure of an Atom • The nucleus contains the following subatomic particles: Protons - positively (+) charged particles Neutrons - particles that have no charge (neutral), but contribute to the atom’s mass Outer Structure of an Atom • Electron cloud - an area • around the nucleus where • electrons are likely to be found orbiting the nucleus in several energy levels Outer Structure of an Atom • The electron cloud contains several energy levels Electrons - negatively (-) charged particles located in specific energy levels surrounding the nucleus Warm Up It’s OK if you don’t know the mass What are protons? Where are they located? What is their mass? Positively charged particles that determine the identity of an element; in the nucleus; 1 amu What are electrons? Where are they located? What is their mass? Negatively charged particles in the electron cloud; very small mass less than 1 amu (~1/2000) What are neutrons? Where are they located? What is their mass? Neutrally charged (no charge) particles in the nucleus; mass of 1 amu Outer Structure of an Atom • Multiple energy levels in the electron cloud completely surround the nucleus. Electrons follow a specific order to fill the energy levels. Maximum of 2 electrons Nucleus Maximum of 8 electrons Maximum of 8 electrons* *Applies to the first 18 elements only Outer Structure of an Atom • The electrons in the outermost energy level are called valence electrons • We will go into more detail about the importance of valence electrons in our next unit. Questions What are valence electrons? Electrons in the outermost level Each energy level can hold a specific number of st electrons. For example, the 1 energy level (the level closet to the nucleus) can hold two nd electrons. The 2 energy level can hold eight rd electrons, and the 3 energy level can hold eight electrons. Decoding Atom Information from the Periodic Table Atomic Number 6 C Carbon Atomic Mass 12.0 Atom’s Symbol Atom’s Name Decoding Atom Information from the Periodic Table Atomic number # of protons = # of electrons 6 C Carbon Atomic mass = # of protons plus the # of neutrons 12.0 Atom Characteristics The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number of that atom. Protons are used to identify elements. The atomic number represents the number of protons (+) and is equal to the number of electrons (-). Atom Characteristics The atomic mass is the mass of the protons plus the mass of the neutrons. Atomic mass is recorded in the SI units: atomic mass units (amu). Protons and neutrons each are given an amu of 1. Electrons have a mass of nearly zero. Video How Small is an Atom http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I Download: Atoms HD Lite Warm Up Apply Your Knowledge Mimio Mobile Lets Practice Drawing Atoms Carbon Neon PEN Apply Your Knowledge Draw the information from the Element just like you see it on the Periodic Table Then use PEN and APE MAN to draw each atom Oxygen Boron Sodium Atomic Structure Matching With your shoulder partner match the term with the correct place on the atom Picture Check Take a picture of your atom and turn into eBackPack Drawing Atomic Structures Open Upad (Due by 8 TOMORROW) Using this App draw Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Nitrogen Sulfur Each element drawing should include 3 colors APE MAN Labels Warm Up Decoding Models Open Decoding Model in ebackpack Open the document in uPad With your shoulder partner you will rotate though the stations and fill out the chart You will be able to conclude the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons using the petri dish. You will need a periodic table to fill out the Element Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Mass How could you do that? Warm Up Decoding Models What patterns did you discover? Protons=Electrons Protons + Neutrons=Atomic Mass How do models enhance the study of objects such as an atom? Helps you visualize What are some limitation of this type of model? Size Scale Location of electrons The Atom Project Atomic Structure What is the smallest unit of matter? Atoms What are the two main models of the atom we just learned about? Bohr and Electron Cloud How are the two models different? The Bohr Model shows the electrons in fixed paths around the nucleus, while the Electron Cloud Model shows that electrons are not in a fixed path. What are the three subatomic particles? Electron, Proton, Neutron
