Download 2.5 (Atom Review and Quiz 2.1)

FUN GRAPH FRIDAY!

What are
2 conclusions
you can
draw
from the
graph to
the right?

Today’s Agenda
Catalyst
 Quiz Review
 Quiz 2.1
 Exit Question

Today’s Objectives
SWBAT DOMINATE
Quiz 2.1!

Major Playas of Atomic Theory
Democritus (460-370 B.C.)
John Dalton (1808)
J.J. Thomson (1897)
Ernest Rutherford (1909)
Niels Bohr (1913)
Schrodinger (1924)
What were Democritus’ ideas?
•Matter is composed of tiny
particles called atomos
•Different kinds of particles
have different sizes and shapes
•Particles move through empty
space
Democritus’ Big Contribution?
First ideas about
the atom!
Named them!
Then came along…


In 1808, John Dalton came up with the first atomic
theory that was based on scientific research.
It stated:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All matter is made of atoms.
Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and
properties
Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more
different kinds of atoms.
A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
Dalton’s Big Contribution?
First real theory
about the atom!
J.J. Thompson’s New Model

The new model was called the Plum Pudding Model
 Plum
pudding is like raisin oatmeal
 The negative particles floated in a sea of positive
charge like raisins in oatmeal
Dalton’s Model
Plum
Pudding
Model
Thomson’s Big Contribution?
Atoms ARE
divisible!
Discovered the
electron!
What Actually Happened…

Almost all, of the alpha particles went straight
through, some were deflected a little, some were
deflected a lot.
1
in 8000 of the particles was deflected
?
-
++
++
-
-
What were Rutherford’s conclusions?
•Discovered the nucleus, a
concentrated mass with
positive protons!
•Nucleus is in the center of
the atom
•The atom is mostly empty
space
Rutherford’s Big Contribution?
Discovered the
nucleus and the
proton!
Not BOHR-ING
AT ALL!!!
Bohr’s Big Contribution?
First to talk about
where electrons
hang out in the
atom – ORBITS!
Schrodinger

Instead of orbits, Schridinger said that
electrons hang out in orbitals
 Orbitals
are like rooms that electrons are probably
in at a given moment

This final Model is called the WaveMechanical Model
 Or
the Quantum Model
Hooray!
Schrodinger’s Big Contribution?
No to orbits!
YES to ORBITALS!
(also where
electrons hang out)
Subatomic Particles
Subatomic
Particle
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Location
Relative means
compared to others
Relative Mass
NUCLEUS
1 amu
NUCLEUS
1 amu
OUTSIDE
NUCLEUS
1/1840 amu
(virtually zero!)
Relative
Charge
1+
NEUTRAL
1-
pREVIEW of the Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass
Atomic Math Bylaws
1.
2.
3.
The atomic number of an atom is the same as
the number of ___________________.
PROTONS
The number of electrons is equal to the number
PROTONS
of _______________(in
a neutral atom).
Atomic mass is equal to the number of
PROTONS
_________________
plus the number of
NEUTRONS
_________________.
Atomic Math Basics

How to find # protons?
Look

How to find # electrons?
#

Protons = # Electrons
How to find # neutrons?
#

at PT  Atomic Number
Neutrons = Atomic Mass - # Protons
How to find atomic mass?
Atomic
Mass = # Protons + # Neutrons
Bohr Models of Atoms

Bohr Models show
electrons floating
around the nucleus in
specific orbits.
16 p+
16 no
Sulfur: 16 protons
16 neutrons
16 electrons
Steps to Making a Bohr Model
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Determine protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the atom
Draw the nucleus (circle) with # p+ and # no inside
Draw the first energy level (circle around nucleus) and
draw up to 2 dots (electrons)
If needed, draw second energy level (second circle) and
draw up to 8 dots (electrons)
If needed, draw third energy level (third circle) and draw
up to 8 dots (electrons)
If needed, draw fourth energy level (fourth circle) and
draw up to 2 dots (electrons)
Continue drawing energy levels as needed (draw up to 32
dots on each)
Exit Question
1.
How did you do on this quiz today?
2.
Why?