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LOUIS DE BROGLIE Madison Rhodes and Taylor Bostick BRIEF HISTORY OVERVIEW 7th duc de Brogli Born at Dieppe on August 15th, 1892 Died March 19th, 1987, at 95 He was a Professor of the Faculty of Sciences at Paris University as well as a member of the French Academy and a Permanent Secretary of the Academy of Sciences. His first degree was in history Helped to develop radio communications during WWI Received his doctor’s degree in 1924 after delivering his famous thesis, Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta, on quantum theory THE NEW THEORY OF LIGHT In his thesis of 1924, de Broglie first suggested that light could behave as either a stream of particles or as a wave, but not both at once de Broglie reasoned that if light, despite its traditional wave motion, could take on a corpuscular form, then small particles including electrons could share wave-like characteristics NEW THEORY OF LIGHT, CONT. Five years after de Broglie initially proposed this idea, two American scientists, Davisson and Germer, working at the Bell Telephone Laboratory were successful in diffracting, or bending into shadows, a beam of electrons using crystal **Their experiment proved de Broglie’s New Theory of Light **de Broglie’s theory served as the basis of what would one day be known to the world as wave mechanics BEGINNINGS OF WAVE MECHANICS Wave mechanics “is a form of quantum theory in which happenings on the atomic scale are explained in terms of interactions between systems of waves, represented by wave functions” de Broglie’s matter and wave particle duality equation: where is the wavelength, is the Planck constant, is the momentum, is the rest mass, is the velocity and is the speed of light in a vacuum.” **de Broglie’s later studies became devoted to the extensions of wave mechanics, such as Dirac’s electron theory, the general theory of spin particles, etc.** INTERNAL CLOCK HYPOTHESIS 1924 de Broglie hypothesized that the electron has an internal clock that “constitutes part of the mechanism by which a pilot wave guides a particle.” Pilot wave is the first example of a hidden variable (also hypothesized by de Broglie), and is one of several interpretations of quantum mechanics INTERNAL ELECTRON CLOCK HYPOTHESIS, CONT. de Broglie’s initial idea that the electron has an internal clock has just of late been confirmed by measuring the period of the clock in an electron channeling experiment. This result can be explained by the Zitter model, a new model of the electron The Zitter model incorporates Schroedinger’s qualitative zitterbewegung concept into a fully specified interacting particle model **the Zitter electron is a “lightlike charged particle with intrinsic spin that maintains it in a helical space-time path, with curvature and frequency determined by the electron mass.” Therefore, electron mass is fully reduced to clock frequency in electron motion HIDDEN THERMODYNAMICS An attempt to bring together the three furthest principles of physics: the Principles of Fermat, Maupertuis, and Carnot In hidden thermodynamics, action becomes an opposite of entropy: GENERALIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION De Broglie combined the “equivalence of the mechanical principle of least action with Fermat’s optical principle” A century earlier Hamilton had brought notice to this equivalence but failed to produce sufficient enough evidence to support it NON-NULLITY AND VARIABILITY OF MASS After the rejection of his hypothesis of a massless photon, de Broglie was able to doubt the hypothesis of the expansion of the universe, meaning that he believed the true mass of particles was not constant, but variable, and that each particle can be represented as a thermodynamic machine equivalent to a cyclic integral of action. NEUTRINO THEORY OF LIGHT The idea that the photon is equivalent to the fusion of two Dirac neutrinos The theory implies that the neutrino and the photon both have masses that are non-zero, though very low DE BROGLIE’S DEPICTION OF ATOMS AND THEIR ELECTRONS AWARDS Won Nobel prize 1929 in physics on his wave nature of electrons discovery 1929 Henri Poincare Medal 1938 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences REFERENCES http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laurea tes/1929/broglie-bio.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie http://www.bing.com/search?q=what%20are%20wave %20mechanics&qs=n&form=QBRE&pq=what%20are %20wave%20mechanics&sc=1-22&sp=1&sk=&cvid=211bb4b1c1e54fbfb16a158a04c9286f http://the-history-of-theatom.wikispaces.com/Louis+de+Broglie http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/de_Brogl ie_and_matter_waves.html http://www.fqxi.org/data/essay-contestfiles/Hestenes_Electron_time_essa.pdf