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Matter
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Contents
• Matter
Matter
Atoms
• Atoms
Molecule
• Molecules
Dark Matter
• Elements
Elements
Natural
• natural
Synthetic
• synthetic
Dark Energy
Nucleus
• Nucleus
•
Baryons
•
•
•
Quarks
Leptons
•
Electrons
•
Neutrinos
Bosons
•
Photons
•
Gluons
•
W Bosons
•
Protons
•
S Bosons
•
Neutrons
•
Higgs Bosons
Neutrino
Electron
Boson
Quark
Proton
Lepton
Neutron
Bayron
Matter
• Mass
• Volume
• Not Energy
Atoms
• Basic Unit
• Chemical Element
• Chemical Unit
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together.
Element
compound
Dark Matter
Entire universe.
Matter
Exists in space
Elements
•
Primary
•
Natural
•
Synthetic
Natural
•
Untouched
•
Real
•
Elements
Synthetic
Element
Not natural
Made
Dark Energy
•
Force
•
Accelerating
•
Counteracts gravity
Nucleus
•
Central
•
Important
•
Basis for activity and growth
Baryons
•
Subatomic particle
•
Nucleon
•
Greater or equal to a proton
Proton
•
Stable subatomic particle
•
In all atomic nuclei that has a positive electric
charge
•
electron
Lepton
•
Basic
•
Matter
•
3 electrical and 3 not electrical, total of 6
Neutron
•
Subatomic particle
•
About the same mass as a proton
•
All atomic nuclei but not those of ordinary
hydrogen.
Neutrino
•
Neutral
•
Subatomic particle
•
Mass close to zero
Electron
•
Stable
•
Subatomic particle
•
negative
Bosons
•
Subatomic
•
Proton
•
Particle
Quarks
•
Subatomic
•
Fractional electric charge
•
hadrons
Democritus
460 - 370 BCE
Idea of the atom
Antoine Lavoisier
(1743-1794)
Proposed the Law of
Conversation of Mass
Joseph Proust
(1754-1826)
Proposed Law of Constant
Composition in 1799
John Dalton (1776-1844)
Proposed the Law of Multiple
Proportions
John Dalton (1776-1844) - Continued
1. The elements are made of atoms, which are tiny
particles, too small to see.
2. All atoms of a particular element are identical.
3. Atoms of different elements have different properties:
their masses are different, and their chemical reactions
are different.
4. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed or split.
5. In a chemical reaction, atoms link to one another, or
separate from one another.
6. Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form
compounds.
J. J. Thomson (1856-1940)
Identified the negatively
charged electron in 1897
Marie Curie
(1867–1934)
1898
Discovered radioactive
elements
Robert Millikan
(1868-1953)
Determined the unit charge of
the electron in 1909.
Ernst Rutherford
(1871-1937)
1911 - Proposed the nuclear
atom
1920 - First referred to the
hydrogen nucleus as a proton
1920 - Proposed the
existence of the third atomic
particle, the neutron
Niels Bohr (1885–1962)
1913 - Electrons move around
the nucleus of the atom in
restricted orbits and explained
the manner in which the atom
absorbs and emits energy
Erwin Schrödinger
and
Werner Heisenberg
1926
Devise a quantum theory of
Non-Bohr Electron Cloud
James Chadwick
(1891-1974)
Discovered the neutron in
1932
Lise Meitner
(1878–1968)
1938
Meitner was part of the team
that discovered nuclear fission.
Peter Higgs
(1929 – )
1960s - Proposed the Higgs
Boson
Proven at CERN in 2012