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Climate change as a political issue Part 1 Environment and international politics From Stockholm to Copenhagen Session 1 The rise of the environment as a political issue Since the 1970s, environmental concerns have climbed their way to the top of the political agenda 1972: Meadows report of the Club of Rome 1972: Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment 26 principles of environmental governance Creation of UNEP Catastrophes and accidents 1976: Seveso toxic dioxins leak 1979: Three-Mile Island incident 1982: Seveso directive 1984: Bhopal catastrophe 1986: Chernobyl Scientific discoveries Man lands on the Moon 1969 Hole in the ozone layer Discovered in the 1980s Montreal Protocol 1987 Climate change First measurements in the 1950s First models in the 1970s (Hansen) Creation of the IPCC 1988 The rise of global governance 1987: ‘Our Common Future’ by the World Commission on Environment and Development ‘Sustainable development’: ‘a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ Montreal Protocol 1987 Aimed at tackling the depletion of the ozone layer One of the most successful international agreements Develops the concept of ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ Bears many resemblances with the Kyoto Protocol Major UN Conferences 1972: Stockholm Conference 1992: Rio Earth Summit Agenda 21 Three major conventions: UNFCCC (climate change), UNCBD (biodiversity), UNCCCD (desrtification) 1997: Kyoto Protocol 2002: Johannesburg summit on sustainable development First failure of international cooperation Copenhagen 2009: from cooperation to collaboration Rio +20: The end of the road The prospects for the Rio +20 conference looked grim already. The conference was indeed a disaster. No more appetite for international cooperation. 2012 is the last year when GHG emissions are capped. What now for the COP21 in Paris? So why bother? International cooperation remains necessary because there’s no relationship between the quantity of GHG that a region or a country emits and the consequence for that area in terms of climate change the quantity of GHG that we emit today and the changes in the climate our generation will experience Thus there’s a necessity of: International cooperation Long-term cooperation
