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Greening cities for a green economy in Vietnam: opportunities and challenges Dr Do Nam Thang Deputy Director General-International Cooperation Dept Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Contents • Urbanization pressure • How greening cities contribute to green economy? • Opportunities to develop green cites • Challenges 1.Urbanization pressure • Population growth – Population: 90 mil, growth rate: 1.4 % – Uneven distribution: mostly in Red River Delta & Mekong River Delta (47%) • Rapid urbanization – Number of towns: from 500 (1990) to 800 (2014) Urban population trend 1986-2010 33 35 % Urban population 30 26.32 23.97 25 20 19.3 19.5 1986 1990 20.75 15 10 5 0 1995 2000 Year 2005 2010 • Consequences: – industrial facilities in residential areas – inadequate infrastructure – traffic congestion – poor sanitation Increased transport vehicles • Before: bicycle Now: motor bikes and cars Increased no. of vehicles 2. Greening cities for green economy • Green economy: an economy with low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive (UNEP 2010). • Green cities or environmentally sustainable cities: clean air, clean water, clean land and climate resilient • Green cities would need: – Good urban planning – Sufficient investment in infrastructure: public transport, resource efficient buildings, water supply and sanitation – Proper municiple waste treatment – Green industry: resource efficient, environmentally friendly How green cities contribute to green economy? • Reducing GHG in developing process (low carbon development): at present, 70% GHG emission is from cities • Reducing resource and energy consumption • Promoting renewable energy • Reducing damage and loss due to environmental degradation and climate change How green cities contribute to green economy? • Creating green jobs: in building retrofitting, environmental services, public transport • Reducing poverty • Improving human health and living standards Greening cities: opportunities • Initial policy framework: green growth strategy 2012, master program on developing urban areas to respond to climate change 2014 • Ongoing ESC activities: – National: indicators, awarding scheme, ASEAN working group on ESC – Local: ESC community-based models, 100 Resilient Cities, City to city ESC exchange, Clean air cities initiative…. Greening cities: challenges • Limited awareness at all levels (policymaking, public, business), mindsets of “mutually exclusive notions: development or environment” • Low commitment from business and community • Poor coordination among sectors, greening city activities Potential research • Underlying obstacles to awareness and behavior • Costs and benefits of greening city policy options • Impact of greening cities on economy wide