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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION.
REMEMBERING 2OO7
THE YEAR OF THE FLOOD,
WILDFIRE, AND
UN REPORT ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN
MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE
BENEFIT OF MILLIONS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
ALONG WITH SOCIETAL IMPACTS
FROM:
EARTHQUAKES,VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, AND TSUNAMIS;
HURRICANES, TYPHOONS AND TORNADOES;
LANDSLIDES, DROUGHTS AND WILDFIRES; HEAT
WAVES, AND GLOBAL WARMING
FRAGILE PLANET EARTH
HEAT AND WARM AIR: A
PRESCRIPTION FOR DISASTER
SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING
2007
• Thousands killed and
injured.
• Hundreds of thousands of
homes inundated or
destroyed.
• Infrastructure damaged
and destroyed.
• Toxic materials released
into the air, water, and soil.
• Health care needs sharply
increased everywhere.
• Millions evacuated and
hundreds of thousands
displaced.
• Livelihoods of hundreds
of millions adversely
affected.
• $ Tens of billions in
insured and uninsured
economic losses..
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
• We must consider the
possible impact of
global climate change
on the global
distribution of floods,
landslides, droughts,
and wildfires.
• Hurricanes and
typhoons are seasonal,
• Earthquakes, tsunamis,
and volcanoes have
tectonic origins.
• Warmer air and warmer
water are a Rx for
tornadoes, hurricanes,
and typhoons.
• Warmer air can hold more
water and will unleash
more energy, making wind
fields and storms
stronger, surges higher,
and rainfall heavier.
• This mechanism may
explain an observed
increase during 2007 in
flash floods and riverine
floods in Europe and Asia..
GLOBAL WARMING: AN
EMERGING ISSUE THAT COULD
ADVERSELY AFFECT THE
ENTIRE PLANET AND FUTURE
GENERATIONS
“UNEQUIVOCAL EVIDENCE” OF A
WARMING PLANET EARTH
UN REPORT NOVEMBER 2007
A WARMING EARTH: SEPT 25, 2007
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: A
CONTINUING AND IRREVERSIBLE
PROCESS?
• Small European
glaciers are already
melting as evidence
of the effects of
global warming.
EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS, AND
TSUNAMIS
EVIDENCE OF A RESTLESS
PLANET EARTH
M 7.7 QUAKE IN CHILE DESTROYS 40 %
OF TOCOPILLA’S HOUSING:
NOVEMBER 14, 2007
MOUNT SOPUTAN, INDONESIA:
OCTOBER 25, 2007
THOUSANDS EVACUATE MOUNT
KELUD, INDONESIA: OCT 19- NOV 4
VOLCANO KARANGETANGA,
INDONESIA: OCTOBER 16, 2007
VOLCANO BULUSAN AWAKENS:
THE PHILIPPINES, OCT 10, 2007
JABAL-AL-TAIR ISLAND, YEMEN:
OCT 1, 2007
M8.4, M7.9, AND 6.2 EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMI: SEPT 12-13
M8.0 MEGATHRUST EARTHQUAKE:
AUGUST 15, 2007
M6.6 EARTHQUAKE: KASHIWAZAKI,
JAPAN: JULY 2007
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI IN
SOLOMON ISLANDS: APRIL 2007
EARTHQUAKE IN ACAPULCO,
MEXICO: APRIL 2007
EARTHQUAKE IN WEST SUMATRA,
INDONESIA: MARCH 2007
CARIBBEAN EARTHQUAKE
NOVEMBER 29, 2007
The strongest
in the region
in over 50
years.
2007 Regional Seismicity
Seismicity map showing
earthquake activity in the
eastern Caribbean from
January-August 2007
The Earthquake
• The epicenter:
– 14.9° north
– 61.2° west [east of Martinique]
• Magnitude: 7.4
• Depth: about 121 km
• lasted for approximately 20 seconds
No tsunami warning
was issued
Impacts
Massive fear among
the population.
– 0 dead
– 0 homeless
– 2 injured
– damaged buildings
Martinique
Credit: BBC.com
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LANDSLIDES
EVIDENCE OF A RESTLESS
PLANET EARTH
LANDSLIDE BURIES SAN JUAN
GRIJALVA: NOVEMBER 4-6, 2007
LANDSLIDE CAUSED BY UNSTABLE
SLOPE: LA JOLLA, CA: OCT 3, 2007
LANDSLIDE IN LA JOLLA:
OCTOBER 3, 2007
LANDSLIDE CAUSED BY MONSOON
RAINS IN INDIA: SEPT 2007
LANDSLIDE FOLLOWING
FLOODING IN CHINA: JULY 2007
LANDSLIDE FOLLOWING HEAVY
RAINS IN MEXICO: JULY 2007
HURRICANES, TYPHOONS,
CYCLONES, TIDAL SURGES,
NOR’EASTERS, SANTA ANAS,
AND TORNADOES
EVIDENCE OF PLANET
EARTH’S WILD WEATHER
CYCLONE SIDR OVER BAY OF
BENGAL ENROUTE TO
BANGLADESH: NOVEMBER 14, 2007
TIDAL SURGE: GREAT YARMOUTH,
EASTERN ENGLAND, NOV 9, 2007
NOEL BECOMES A CAT 1
HURRICANE ON NOVEMBER 1, 2007
SUPER TYPHOON KROSA: TAIWAN
AND CHINA, OCTOBER 5, 2007
TYPHOONS LEKIMA (RIGHT)
AND KROSA (LEFT): OCT 4
TYPHOON LEKIMA: VIETNAM,
OCTOBER 3- 4, 2007
SUPER TYPHOON LEKIMA:
QIANGHAI RIVER, OCTOBER 2, 2007
SUPER TYPHOON WIPHA WITH
WINDS OF 180 KI/HR: SEPTEMBER
18, 2007
SUPER TYPHOON WIPHA AFFECTS
SHANGHAI: SEPTEMBER 18, 2007
HUMBERTO, AN INSTANT
HURRICANE: SEPTEMBER 13, 2007
HURRICANE FELIX: CUMMULATIVE
PATH: 1- 4 SEPTEMBER
TYPHOON SEPAT: PHILIPPINES,
TAIWAN, AND CHINA: AUGUST 1
TYPHOON FETOW STRIKES JAPAN
ON SEPTEMBER 7, 2007
HURRICANE DEAN: PASSING
THROUGH CARIBBEAN, AUGUST 17
TROPICAL STORM ERIN: HOUSTON
AUGUST, 14, 2007
HURRICANE FLOSSIE HEADED
FOR HAWAII: AUGUST 14, 2007
TYPHOON MAN-YI: JULY 2007
TORNADO IN GREENSBORO,
KANSAS: MAY 2007
TORNADO IN GREENSBORO,
KANSAS: MAY 2007
NOR’EASTER IN NORTHEASTERN
USA: APRIL 2007
EUROPEAN WINDSTORM (ORCAN):
JANUARY 2007
FLOODS
EVIDENCE OF WATER’S
POWER TO CHANGE PLANET
EARTH
THE YEAR OF THE FLOOD
EVIDENCE OF RIVERS IN FLOOD
AND MAN’S EFFORTS TO
CONTROL WATER AND DEVELOP
URBAN AREAS
HEAT AND FLOODING
• A large number of
flooding disasters
occurred around the
World during the
period May September.
• Experts say that
certain configurations
of the jet stream
produced conditions
favorable for extreme
rainfall nearly
simultaneously in
many different parts of
the World..
• The result was
widespread flooding
FLOODS IN VIETNAM: CROCODILES
COME OUT, NOVEMBER 12, 2007
70 PERCENT OF TABASCO STATE,
MX UNDER WATER: NOV 2, 2007
70 PERCENT OF TABASCO STATE
UNDER WATER: NOV 2, 2007
FLOOD IN BOSNIA: OCTOBER 25,
2007
FLOODS IN TUNIS, TUNISIA:
OCTOBER 14, 2007
EFFECTS OF FLOOD IN CABARET,
HAITI: OCTOBER 12, 2007
THANH HOA PROVINCE,
VIETNAM: OCTOBER 5, 2007
FLOODS IN HYDERABAD, INDIA:
SEPTEMBER 20, 2007
EFFECTS OF FLOODS IN
SLOVENIA: SEPTEMBER 19, 2007
FLOODS IN TAY PROVINCE,
VIETNAM:SEPTEMBER 11, 2007
FLOODS IN TECUCI, ROMANIA:
SEPTEMBER 14, 2007
NATIONAL HIGHWAY DESTROYED:
HYDERABAD, INDIA -- SEPT 8
FLOODS IN XIAN, SHAANXI
PROVINCE, CHINA: SEPTEMBER 4
FLOODS IN DAKAHA,
BANGLADESH: SEPTEMBER 2
SUMMER RAINS DEVASTATE 17
AFRICAN NATIONS: Summer 2007
FLOODS IN NORTHEASTERN
UGANDA: AUGUST 2007
FLOODS IN CHICAGO (USA):
AUGUST 22, 2007
FLOODS IN NORTH KOREA:
AUGUST 7-14, 2007
IMPACTS OF FLOODING IN CHINA
DURING 2007
• Floods alone killed
more than 1,100
people in China
during 2007.
• Economic losses from
floods reached more
than $10 billion USD.
• An estimated 139
million people were
adversely affected by
floods.
• As many as 2.7 million
were evacuated in
advance of a single
potential flood
disaster.
FLOODING IN CHINA: JULY 2007
(50,000 kg of dead fish)
FLOODING IN CHINA: JULY 2007
FLOODING IN CHINA: JUNE –
JULY 2007
FLOOD GATES OPEN ON THREE
GORGES DAM: JULY 2007
FLOODS IN ENGLAND: JULY 2007
FLOODING IN HENLEY ON THAMES,
ENGLAND: JULY 2007
FLOODING: TEWKESBURY,
ENGLAND: JULY 2007
FLOODING IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE,
ENGLAND: JULY 2007
FLOODING IN GLOUCESTER-SHIRE,
ENGLAND:JULY 2007
FLOODING IN LONDON, ENGLAND:
JULY 2007
FLOODING AND OIL SPILL IN
COFFEYVILLE, KANSAS: JULY 2007
FLOODING IN THE SUDAN: JULY
2007
FLOODING IN IRAN: JUNE 2007
FLOODING IN MARBLE FALLS,
TEXAS: JUNE 2007
FLOODING ON TRINITY RIVER,
DALLAS, TEXAS: JUNE 2007
FLOODING IN LAGOS, NIGERIA:
JUNE 2007
FLOODING IN PAKISTAN: JUNE
2007
FLOODING IN KANSAS, USA:
MAY 2007
FLOODING IN SALINAS,
KANSAS: MAY 2007
FLOODING IN BOLIVIA: FEBRUARY
2007
WILDFIRES
EVIDENCE OF A PARCHED
PLANET EARTH
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
WILDFIRES: OCTOBER 23, 2007
WILDFIRE: MALIBU, CALIFORNIA;
OCTOBER 21, 2007
WILDFIRE: BANNING, CALIFORNIA;
OCTOBER 2, 2007
WILDFIRE IN EVIA ISLAND,
GREECE: AUGUST 26, 2007
WILDFIRE IN LOS ANGELES, CA
AREA: JULY 2007
WILDFIRE IN LAKE TAHOE, CA:
JUNE 2007
WILDFIRE IN UTAH: JULY 2007
WILDFIRE NEAR LIMMASOL,
CYPRUS: JUNE 29, 2007
DROUGHTS
EVIDENCE OF A PARCHED
PLANET EARTH
DROUGHT IN DUMBRIA, SPAIN:
NOVEMBER 16, 2007
DROUGHT IN LOS ANGELES, CA:
JULY 2007
DROUGHT ON KISSIMMEE RIVER,
FLORIDA: JULY 2007
DROUGHT ON ELBE RIVER IN
GERMANY: JUNE 2007
HEAT WAVE
EVIDENCE OF A WARMING
PLANET EARTH
HEAT WAVE IN SOUTHERN
EUROPE: JUNE - JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN BAGHDAD:
41 C (106 F) JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN BERLIN:
49 C (120 F) JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN BAKER,
CA: 48 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN HUNGARY:
40 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN HEBRON,
WEST BANK: 35 C JULY
2007
HEAT WAVE IN GERMANY: 35 C
JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN WUHAN,
CHINA: 38 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN STAVROPOL,
RUSSIA: 35 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN MACEDONIA:
40 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN SOFIA, BULGARIA:
42 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN KUWAIT
CITY, KUWAIT: 45 C (113
F) JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN ROME,
ITALY: 40 C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN
SAKHIR, BAHRAIN:45
C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN
SEOLE, SOUTH
KOREA: 31 C JULY
2007
HEAT WAVE IN
ZURICH:
30 C (91 F) JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN NEW YORK CITY: 3O
C JULY 2007
HEAT WAVE IN PHILADELPHIA: 3O
C JULY 2007
A CONTRAST IN BUENOS AIRES,
ARGENTINA: -- 22 C, JULY 2007
OIL SPILLS
PLANET EARTH AIR, WATER,
AND SOIL ARE EASILY
DAMAGED BY MAN’S ACTIONS
RUSSIAN TANKER SHIP BREAKS IN
HALF:NOV 11, 2007
OIL SPILL IN BLACK SEA KILLS
30,000 BIRDS: NOV 11, 2007
TANKER COLLIDES WITH BRIDGE
IN SAN FRANCISCO: NOV 9, 2007
OIL SPILL IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY:
NOV 9, 2007
OIL SPILL IN COFFEYVILLE,
KANSAS: JULY 2, 2007
OIL SPILL IN OSAWATOMIE,
KANSAS: JULY 2, 2007