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American University of Beirut (AUB) Innovations in Climate Protection Policies – what can the Arab world learn from European countries? Danyel Reiche 12/12/2008 Presentation Outline Research Question Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis Relevance of the Subject Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis Relevance of the Subject Case Studies Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis Relevance of the Subject Case Studies Significance of Research Hypothesis Presentation Outline Research Question Research Hypothesis Relevance of the Subject Case Studies Significance of Research Hypothesis Conclusions Research Question Is the playing field for national innovations in climate change policy receding because of globalization and Europeanization? Is there a shifting of power from the nationstate to the supranational and global level? Global Level Nation-State Global Level EULevel EULevel Nation-State Dwindling of State Governance? International: National: National powerlessness in the global and European context Reduced capability to govern internally Arguments for the Powerlessness of the Nation-State Global character of environmental problems Arguments for the Powerlessness of the Nation State Global character of environmental problems Vulnerability of national economies in global competition Research Hypothesis The nation-state remains the most important operator for innovations in in climate change policies Relevance of the Subject IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030 Relevance of the Subject IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030 Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption Relevance of the Subject IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030 Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field Relevance of the Subject IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030 Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide Relevance of the Subject IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030 Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide The number of automobiles increases by 11 million per year worldwide Relevance of the Subject IEA-prediction: Global energy consumption will rise by 53 % from 2006 to 2030 Transportation accounts for 30 % of worldwide energy consumption Transportation is the heaviest growing sector within the energy consumption field In 2004, there were 531 million automobiles worldwide The number of automobiles increases by 11 million per year worldwide China and India have the highest growth rates (10-15%) Research Hypothesis The nation-state remains the most important operator for innovations in climate change policies Case Study 1 Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity from wind and PV Case Study 1 Germany: Pioneer in the production of electricity from wind and PV Feed-In Tariff law (minimum payment system) Case Study 2 Germany: Currently the only country with shrinking transportation emissions Case Study 2 Germany: currently the only industrial country with shrinking transportation emissions Background: The ecological tax and duties reform 1999: 3,07 Cent 2000: 3,07 Cent 2001: 3,07 Cent 2002: 3,07 Cent 2003: 3,07 Cent 15,3 Cent/l fuel Case Study 3 Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3liter-automobile Smart 3-Liter-Lupo Case Study 3 Germany: Pioneer in serial production of a 3liter-automobile Smart Voluntary self-commitment of the automobile industry “in the shadow of hierarchy“ 3-Liter-Lupo Case Study 4 Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy Case Study 4 Norway: Pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy “Active Ownership” and Exclusion of companies Significance of Research Hypothesis The Nation-State on a Global Level 1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation-state” The Nation-State on a Global Level 1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation-state” 2. Diffusion of environmental innovations instead of competitive disadvantages by stricter environmental policies The Nation State on a Global Level 1. Interdependence manager instead of “govern beyond the nation state” 2. Diffusion of environmental innovations instead of competitive disadvantages by stricter environmental policies Essential role of the nation-state at the global level The Nation-State in the EU MOC instead of binding guidelines The Nation-State in the EU MOC instead of binding guidelines Indicative objectives lead to regulative competition The Nation-State in the EU MOC instead of binding guidelines Indicative objectives lead to regulative competition ´best practice` The Nation-State in the EU MOC instead of binding guidelines Indicative objectives lead to regulative competition ´best practice` Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers The Nation-State in the EU MOC instead of binding guidelines Indicative objectives lead to regulative competition ´best practice` Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers Implementation in national colors The Nation-State in the EU MOC instead of binding guidelines Indicative objectives lead to regulative competition ´best practice` Continuing relevance of the Council of Ministers Implementation in national colors Essential role of the nation-state at the EU level Limitations of the Nation-State 1) Mode of supranational centralization Limitations of the Nation-State 1) Mode of supranational centralization 2) Principle of open statehood Limitations of the Nation-State 1) Mode of supranational centralization 2) Principle of open statehood 3) Decision by qualified majority Conclusions The nation-state in a changing environment continues to be the most important authority on all political levels. Partial sovereignty opposes the positive effect of globalization: this has created an arena for pioneer countries, so that their policies in transnational diffusion processes can spread. Thank you for your attention !
