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USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
The Last Unfinished Business
of Gifford Pinchot
USDA Forest Service
Northeastern Area
State and Private Forestry
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
The Mission
Sustain the health, diversity, and productivity
the Nation’s forests and grasslands
Caring for the Land and Serving People
meet the needs
present and future generations
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Pinchot on Private Forestry
“One more purpose we
came to have before
my service was
finished, and that the
most important of all,
for it concerned a far
greater area and
possible
productiveness of
forest land than all
public forests put
together.”
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Pinchot on Private Forestry
“We saw that only Federal
control of cutting on
private land could
assure the Nation the
supply of forest
products it must have
to prosper. We
demanded that control,
which has long since
been in effect in the
most democratic and
most civilized nations,
but in vain.”
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Timeline
Office of State and Private Cooperation
9 State
Forestry
Orgs
25 State
Forestry
Branch of State and Private Forestry
Orgs
36 bbf
1900
05
10
Pinchot
is Chief
15
20
25
41 bbf
Bureau of
Corporations
Report
30
35
10 bbf
Timber
Conservation
Board
40
45
1950
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Timeline
Graves
Watts & Clapp:
Tee-Pee Wee-Pee
SAF
1900
05
10
15
20
Pinchot
is Chief
25
30
Silcox
35
40
45
1950
Black Mark
Greeley
GP Quits AFA
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Timeline
Cooperative Forest Management Act
Clarke-McNary Act
Transfer Act
1900
05
Norris-Doxey
10
15
20
Pinchot
is Chief
25
30
35
40
45
1950
McArdle
Weeks Law
Pinchot dies
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Reasons for Lack of Progress




Economics
Public Support
Political Will
The Transfer
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Private Forests Are Important
Public forestland 227mm acres
Private forestland 393mm acres
Non-forest
Excluding Alaska & Hawaii
Source: National Woodland Owner’s Survey, 2003
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Private Forests Are Important
1907
2002
49%
57%
29%
42%
14%
782mm acres
9%
748mm acres
Public forestland (federal, tribal, state, and local govt)
Non-industrial forestland
Industrial forestland *
Note: 1909 report aggregates industrial and large private
holdings as primary sources for commercial saw timber
Sources: Timber Supply of the U.S., 1909
FIA Forest Statistics, 2002
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
GP’s Metrics – Then & Now
 Forest Replenishment Rate
1900
2000
-300%
+20%
 Forest Loss (previous 50 years) 168mm
5mm
 Per Capita Consumption
250cf
235cf
 Private Forests under Plans
11%? *
11%?*
*Assumes GP’s data was correct, that all commercial
Forests now have management plans, and that no
Individual private forests did in 1900.
FIA and RPA Timber Assessments
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Same Mission – Different Issues
GP’s Day
Our Day
Timber famine
Poor forestry practices
Climate change
Chronic poverty
Unimaginable erosion
Loss of species
Social inequity
Water shortages
Loss of open space
Oil dependency
Invasive species
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Climate Change Impacts
2000
LAND COVER TYPES
Alpine
Subapline Forest
Temperate Conifer Forest
Cool Mixed Forest
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Warm Temperate Mixed Forest
Tropical Forest
Woodland/Savanna
Shrubland
Grassland
Desert
2050
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Forests at Risk of Mortality
At risk of mortality *
National Forest System
Other federal land
State, county, & private land
58mm acres
25mm acres
6mm acres
27mm acres
* The expectation that 25% or more of standing live volume greater than 1” will die within the next 15 years
Source: NIDRM
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Population Growth
1900
76mm
People/Sq.Mile
Less than 5
6 to 25
26 to 100
101 to 500
More than 500
2000
273mm
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Development Pressure
Watersheds in which housing density is projected to increase on private forestland by 2030
High change (20-40%)
Medium change (5-20%)
Low change (0-5%)
Public forestland
Urban areas
Source: Forests on the Edge, PNW 2005
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Forest Area and U.S. Population
Within the Coterminous United States
1,000
500
900
400
800
300
700
200
600
100
Population
500
Sources: FIA, US Census, PNW Station
(Excludes Alaska & Hawaii)
2050
2030
2010
1990
1970
1950
1930
1910
1890
1870
1850
1830
1810
1790
1770
1630
0
Millions of People
Millions of Acres
Forest Area
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Same Mission – Different Tools
GP’s Day
Our Day
Transfer
Regulation
Collaboration
Incentives
Carbon trading
Cooperatives
Certification
Easements
Education
Marketing
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
WWGD: What Would Gifford Do?
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
1st Movement: Conservation
Leaders: Enlightened aristocracy,
Government agencies.
Enemy: Industrialists.
Tools: Legislation, acquisition,
public support.
Focus: Public lands.
Results: Captured and restored
public lands.
Principles: 1) resource
development, 2) environmental
protection, 3) social justice.
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
2nd Movement: Environmentalism
Leaders: Scientists and social activists.
Enemy: Agencies, polluters.
Tools: Environmental regulations,
confrontation.
Focus: Environmental protection.
Results: Closed industrial frontier.
Ended right to pollute.
Principles: Environmental protection
(without development or social justice).
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
3rd Movement: Collaboration
Leaders: Us?
Tools: Collaboration, market-based
incentives, easements, certification,
cooperatives, carbon trading.
Enemy: Do we need one?
Focus: Private lands, poverty,
biodiversity, climate change.
Results: ?
Principles: Environmental protection
with resource development. Justice?
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
Forest Service Role in Private Forestry
 Coordinate policy across multiple
jurisdictions
 Provide technical assistance to landowners,
forest industry, and government partners
 Provide financial assistance through State
partners and NGOs
 Build public understanding and support for
sustainable forest management
USDA Forest Service
State and Private Forestry
For more information, contact:
USDA Forest Service
Northeastern Area
State and Private Forestry
11 Campus Blvd, Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
Or visit:
www.na.fs.fed.us