Download Training Effects of Aerobic exercise on the Cardiovascular

Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems

The cardiovascular system ensures that
adequate blood supply to working muscles,
the brain and the heart is maintained.
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Also, heat and waste products generated by
the muscles are dissipated and removed.
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Aerobic Training Effect on the
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Cardiac Output
Increase in heart size is one of the
benefits that may arise as a result of
endurance training.
1. Larger atria and ventricles allow for a
greater volume of blood to be pumped
each time the heart beats.
2. Increased thickness of the walls of the
heart (cardiac muscle) allows for
increased contractility (rate of
contraction)
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Capillary Supply

Increased capillarization is another benefit that may
arise as a result of endurance training.

Increased capillarization allows for:
1. a greater surface area and reduced distance between
the blood and the surrounding tissues
2. increasing diffusion capacity of oxygen and carbon
dioxide
3. easing transport of nutrients to cells.
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Capillary Supply cont
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The a-vO2 difference of the body can be also improved
by endurance training.
Endurance training increases circulation (blood flow)
in the capillaries that are next to muscle fibers.
Capillarization also occurs in cardiac muscle, reducing
the possibility of cardiac disease and heart attacks.
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Blood Volume

Increase in total blood volume
along with the number and total
volume of red blood cells.

This is done through stimulation of
erythropoiesis (formation of new red
blood cells) in the bone marrow.
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Ventilation

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increases with exercise in order to meet the
increased demand of gas exchange.
During exercise ventilation can increase from 6 L /
min at rest to over 150 L/min during maximal
exercise and to more than 200 L/min during
maximal voluntary breathing
With exercise/endurance training, the lungs
become more efficient in gas exchange.
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Oxygen Extraction
 similar to ventilation in that the increased
air flow allows for more gas exchange.
 Additionally, during exercise, body
temperature increases. Increased body
temperature promotes oxygen extraction,
this is known as the Bohr effect.
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Exercise Effects on the Cardiovascular
and Respiratory Systems cont.
Summary


Endurance training stimulates many
positive adaptations in the
cardiovascular system.
It is crucial that the health professional
understand these adaptations in order
to impart this knowledge to the general
population allowing people to live with
greater health and a better quality of
life.
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Cardiovascular Anatomy and
Physiology
Discussion Questions
1.
Describe the path and all related steps that a molecule of
oxygen would take from the air in the lungs to a muscle cell.
2. Describe the path and all related steps that a molecule of
carbon dioxide could take from a muscle cell to the air in the
lungs.
3. Define and provide the units for blood pressure, heart rate,
cardiac output, stroke volume, ateriovenous oxygen difference.
4. List the ways in which training improves the effectiveness of
the cardiovascular system.
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Cardiovascular Anatomy and
Physiology
Discussion Questions cont.
5.
Describe the two components of blood pressure. What do
they measure?
6. What is hemoglobin, where is it found, what is its purpose.
7. What are erythrocytes and reticulocytes? Where are they
produced?
8. What is hematocrit?
9. Describe the ways in which carbon dioxide can be transported
through the blood.
10. What is VO2max? What factors influence this measure?
How is it affected by training?
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