Download 2009 Muscular & Skeletal System

6th Grade with Mr. Springer
Skeletal & Muscular Systems
Overview of the Unit
Skeletal System Bones
•Connective tissues
•Types of joints
•Labeling bones
Muscles of the Muscular
System
•Types of muscles
•How/why muscles move
•Maintaining muscle
•Labeling muscles
Caring for bones and
muscles
Part I: Skeletal System & Your Bones
How many bones does the human body have??
The human body has 206 bones!
Why Do We Need A Skeleton?
•To provide support and protection for
our organs, muscles and other body parts.
Also…
•To help with three things:
•Make Blood Cells
•Store Calcium
•Store Minerals
What Bones Are Made Of
•Bones are a living part of your body (organs)
made up of calcium and protein!
•Bones have layers:
• Outer layer to feed bones (periosteum has
capillaries to nourish bones)
• Spongy Middle Tissue (shock absorption &
flexibility)
• Marrow in the Middle (center of bones,
creates blood cells)
Our Bones are all Connected…
But how…
•Our bones meet and move together at a Joint!
•At the joint, the bones are held together by
Ligaments!
•Ligaments are a connective tissue used to hold
bones to other bones!
More about the joints!
•Bones are hard… If they rub against each
other, it will hurt you, and your bones!
…So how do they work at joints??
•Joints have Cartilage to work as a middle
man and smooth out the situation!
•Cartilage is strong, flexible tissue that
cushions bones and supports soft tissue.
It allows bones to move easily.
More about the joints!
1.
Hinge Joints- Moves in one direction like a door hinge.
(The knee and elbow are hinge joints).
2.
Pivot Joints- The end of one bone rotates inside a ring
formed by another. The joint can move up and down
and from side to side. (Forearm).
3.
Gliding Joints- One part of a bone glides over another
bone. Allowing a small range of sideways movement.
(Foot and Hand bones).
4.
Ball and Socket Joint- The ball-shaped head of one
bone moves inside the cup shaped socket of another.
The joint moves in all directions. (Hip and shoulder).
Types of joints our bodies have!
Hinge
Gliding
Pivot Joint
Ball & Socket
Now Let’s Go Over the Bones!
Cranium – Skull
Clavicle – Collarbone
Scapula – Shoulder Blade
Sternum – Breastbone
More Bones to Cover…
Humerus – Upper Arm Bone
Ulna – Lower arm bone pinkie side
Radius – Lower arm bone thumb side
Carpals - Wrist
Metacarpals – Hand
Phalanges- Fingers and Toes
More Bones Continued…
Femur – Thigh
Patella- Kneecap
Vertebra – Bones of the Spine
Ribs – Chest bones, create a cage
Pelvis – Hips; where legs connect at the top
Bones of the Spine
Are we really doing all 206?!
Tarsals- Ankle
Metatarsals- Foot
Tibia – Shin Bone
Fibula- Outside of the Ankle
Body Part
Matching
Part II: The Muscular System
How many Types of muscle does the human body have?
The human body has three types of muscles!
Why Do We Need Our Muscles?
•To move our bodies and control our organs!
Don’t forget…
•There are three kinds of muscle:
•Skeletal
•Smooth
•Cardiac
The Three Types Defined
•Skeletal Muscle/ Striated is voluntary,
meaning you control its movements!
(Turning your neck).
•Smooth Muscle is involuntary, meaning
you do not control its movements. (Body
organs and vessels).
•Cardiac Muscle is involuntary,
meaning you do not control its
movements. (The heart).
One More Thing About Voluntary Muscles…
•Voluntary muscles move in two ways.
•Voluntary muscles either contract or relax.
•You are born with all the muscle
fibers you will ever have!
Throughout your life they just
change in shape and size.
How Muscle is Made!
•Muscles are made of muscle fibers.
•Nerves in your body tell muscle fibers when
to contract or relax.
•Muscles are connected to bones by tendons.
Tendons are a connective tissue (like ligaments).
They connect muscle to muscle or muscle to
bone!
Muscles Move!
•Flexors – the pull muscles that lift things up!
• Ex. Your biceps bend your elbow!
•Extensors – the push muscles!
• Ex. Your Triceps unbend your elbow!
Muscles Moving Our Bodies
Fibers and Tendons
Look at the Relaxed and Contracted
Muscles, and the Tendons connecting them.
What type of joint is this?
Muscles are made of bundles
of fibers!
Strength & Flexibility Principles
•Muscular Strength – Muscle’s ability to use
maximum force against resistance.
• Ex: - pull-ups, push-ups
•Muscular Endurance – Muscle’s ability to use
maximum force repeatedly over time.
• Ex: - pull-ups/push-ups (many repetitions)
Strength & Flexibility Principles
•Cardiovascular Endurance – Respiratory
system’s ability to perform at maximum over time.
• Ex: - ½ mile and 1 mile run
•Muscular Flexibility – The elastic (stretch)
properties of muscles. (The range of motion at a
joint without causing injury).
• Ex: - sit-and-reach
What Maintains Muscles
•Exercise – to keep your systems fit and
working properly
•Rest – proper amount of sleep at night to
recover/repair your body and its energy
•Diet – proteins, carbohydrates and other
nutrients
•Weight – healthy weight reduces stress on
joints, muscles, and the heart
Important Muscles to Remember (1)
1. Biceps- found in the upper arm
2. Triceps- found in the back of upper arm
3. Hamstrings- back of upper leg
4. Gastrocnemius/Calves- back of lower leg
5. Latissimus Dorsi- upper part of back,
comes down in a v-taper
6. Deltoids – Shoulder muscle
Important Muscles to Remember (2)
7. Pectoralis Major/Minor- Chest muscles
8. Abdominal muscles- stomach muscles
9. Gluteus Maximus- Muscles in rear-end
10. Quadriceps- front of leg
11. Trapezius- back of neck muscle
(sternocleidomastoid video)
Deltoids
Trapezius
Triceps
Biceps
Abdominal
Muscles
Latissimus
Dorsi
Pectoralis
Major
Gluteus
Maximus
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius/
Calves
Fun Facts
•You have over 30 facial muscles which create
looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and
frowning.
•Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body.
Scientists estimate they may move more than
100,000 times a day!
•The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus
maximus muscle in the buttocks.
End of Skeletal & Muscular System!
The End
Labeling Our Muscles
Labeling Our Muscles
Labeling Our Muscles
Labeling Our Muscles
Labeling Our Muscles