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What are some of the structures on this wrench? These are all structures, but what do they do? Now we have identified the anatomy and physiology of this tool! • Anatomy = STRUCTURE • Physiology = FUNCTION The Human Body—An Orientation Anatomy • Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology • Study of how the body and its parts work or function Form Fits Function Form Fits Function • Form = ANATOMY • Bones • Muscles • Tendons • Function = PHYSIOLOGY • What it does • How it works • How it operates Anatomy—Levels of Study • What is gross anatomy? Anatomy—Levels of Study • What is gross anatomy? • Large structures Anatomy—Levels of Study • What is gross anatomy? • Large structures • EASILY observable Anatomy—Levels of Study • What is Microscopic Anatomy? Anatomy—Levels of Study • What is Microscopic Anatomy? • Very small structures Anatomy—Levels of Study • What is Microscopic Anatomy? • Very small structures • Can only be viewed with a microscope Levels of Structural Organization Atom Molecule Macromolecule Macromolecule • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • Carbohydrates • Lipids Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Levels of Structural Organization Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle tissue Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Blood vessel (organ) Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organ System Jigsaw • Integumentary • Lymphatic • Skeletal • Respiratory • Muscular • Digestive • Nervous • Urinary • Endocrine • Reproductive • Cardiovascular Organ System Overview • Integumentary Organ System Overview • Integumentary • Forms the external body covering • Protects deeper tissue from injury • Helps regulate body temperature • Location of cutaneous nerve receptors Organ System Overview • Skeletal Organ System Overview • Skeletal • Protects and supports body organs • Provides muscle attachment for movement • Site of blood cell formation • Stores minerals Organ System Overview • Muscular Organ System Overview • Muscular • Produces movement • Maintains posture • Produces heat Organ System Overview • Nervous Organ System Overview • Nervous • Fast-acting control system • Responds to internal and external change • Activates muscles and glands Organ System Overview • Endocrine Organ System Overview • Endocrine • Secretes regulatory hormones • Growth • Reproduction • Metabolism Organ System Overview • Cardiovascular Organ System Overview • Cardiovascular • Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart • • • • Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes Organ System Overview • Lymphatic Organ System Overview • Lymphatic • Returns fluids to blood vessels • Cleanses the blood • Involved in immunity Organ System Overview • Respiratory Organ System Overview • Respiratory • Keeps blood supplied with oxygen • Removes carbon dioxide Organ System Overview • Digestive Organ System Overview • Digestive • Breaks down food • Allows for nutrient absorption into blood • Eliminates indigestible material Organ System Overview • Urinary Organ System Overview • Urinary • Eliminates nitrogenous wastes • Maintains acid-base balance • Regulates water and electrolytes Organ System Overview • Reproductive Organ System Overview • Reproductive • Produces offspring
