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Chapter 7 Muscular System
Learning Outcomes
1.Describe the muscular system.
2.Describe the three basic types of
muscle tissue.
3.Explain the primary functions of
muscles.
4.Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce
medical words.
Learning Outcomes
5. Describe diagnostic and laboratory
tests related to the muscular system.
Anatomy and Physiology Overview
• The muscular system is composed of all
the muscles in the body and works in
coordination with the skeletal and
nervous systems.
• Muscles
– Provide the mechanism for movement of
the body.
– Produce heat.
– Help maintain posture and stability.
Anatomy and Physiology Overview
• Muscles make up approximately 42% of
body weight.
• Muscles are composed of long, slender
cells known as fibers.
• Each muscle consists of a group of
fibers held together by connective
tissue and enclosed in a fibrous sheath
or fascia.
Figure 7.2
Types of muscle tissue.
Types of Muscles
• Cardiac muscle
– Muscle of the heart (myocardium) is
involuntary but striated in appearance.
– Under control of the autonomic nervous
system.
– Has specialized neuromuscular tissue
located within the right atrium.
Types of Muscles
• Cardiac muscle
– Contraction can occur even without an
initial nervous input because of pacemaker
cells.
– Cardiac muscle cells rely on an ample blood
supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and
to remove waste products, such as carbon
dioxide.
Types of Muscles
• Smooth muscle
– Also called involuntary, visceral, or
unstriated.
– Not controlled by the conscious part of the
brain.
– Under the control of the autonomic nervous
system.
– Includes muscles of internal organs of the
digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract
plus certain muscles of the eye and skin.
TABLE 7.1 Muscular System
at-a-Glance
Types of Muscles
• Skeletal Muscle
– Also known as voluntary or striated muscle.
– Controlled by the conscious part of the
brain and attaches to the bones.
– Has a cross-striped appearance (striated).
– Varies in size, shape, arrangement of
fibers, and means of attachment to bones.
Types of Muscles
• Muscles have three distinguishable
parts:
– the body or main portion.
– the origin (the more fixed attachment of
the muscle to the stationary bone).
– the insertion (the point of attachment of a
muscle to the bone that it moves).
Muscle Names
•
•
•
•
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
location
size
purpose
shape
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html
Figure 7.3
Selected skeletal muscles and the Achilles tendon (anterior and posterior
view).
Anatomy and Physiology Overview
• Each fiber within a muscle receives its
own nerve impulses and has its own
stored supply of glycogen as fuel for
energy.
• Blood and lymphatic vessels in muscle
tissue supply nutrition and oxygen to
muscles.
Figure 7.1
Skeletal muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective
tissue. It is enclosed in a fibrous sheath (fascia).
Ligament – B2B
Tendon – M2B
Functions of the Musculoskeletal
System
• Tendons- Attach
muscles to
bones
• Ligaments –
ligament/o Bands
of connective
tissue that
connect bones,
cartilages and
other structures
Types of Muscles
• Means of attachment for skeletal
muscle:
– Tendon (a band of connective tissue, varies
in length from less than 1 inch to more
than 1 foot)
– Aponeurosis (a wide, thin, sheetlike
tendon)
Types of Muscles
• Muscles and nerves function together as a motor
unit.
• Skeletal muscles perform in groups and are
classified as follows:
• Prime mover/agonist is the prime muscle
working in a particular exercise or movement. It’s
this muscle that creates an action.
• Antagonist is the muscle that’s directly opposing
the agonist muscle. As the agonist contracts, the
antagonist relaxes.
• Synergist – is working together (aka, stablizers)
Pg 178
Agon/o
Agony, a contest
Path/o
Disease
Amputat/o
To cut through
Prosth/e
An addition
Brach/I
Arm
Rhabd/o
Rod
Cleid/o
Clavicle
Rotat/o
To turn
Clon/o
Turmoil
Sarc/o
Flesh
Ducto/o
To lead
Stern/o
Sternum
Dermat/o
Skin
Synov/o
Synovial
Fasci/o
A band
Ten/o
Tendon
Fibr/o
Fiber
Therm/o
Hot, Heat
Is/o
Equal
Ton/o
Tone,Tension
Muscul/o
Muscle
Tors/o
Twisted
My/o
Muscle
Tort/I
Twisted
Nuero/o
nerve
Volunt/o
Will
How many words can we define?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Myoblast
Myofibroma
Myograph
Myokinesis
Myoma
Myomalacia
Myoparesis
Myopathy
Myoplasty
10.Myorrhapy
11.Myosarcoma
12.Myoscelerosis
13.Myositis
14.Myotome
15.Myotomy
16.Neuromyopathic
17.Muscular
Dystrophy