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The Skeletal and Muscular Systems skeletal system • The body system that supports the body and allows movement; • it also protects the internal organs, • stores certain minerals, and • makes blood cells bone • solid living tissue that makes up the skeleton and supports the body red bone marrow • the part of a bone that produces blood cells cartilage • a soft, flexible tissue that makes up most of the skeleton of an infant and is found in the nose, ears, and the at the end of long bones of adults joints • a place where two bones come together ligaments • a strong connective tissue that holds bones together at movable joints pivot joint pivot joint • joints that have one bone that rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move Examples: • turning your head • twisting your forearm ball-and-socket joint ball-and-socket joint • joints that consist of a bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone • joint that provides a wide range of motion. Examples: • shoulders • hips hinge joints hinge joints • joints that move in a back-and-forth movement • joints that have a smaller range of motion and are not dislocated as easily Examples: • knees • elbows • fingers gliding joint saddle or gliding joint • joints that have one part of a bone that slides over another bone Examples: • Wrists • Ankles • Between vertebrae immovable joint immovable joint • a joint which allows little or no movement Examples: • skull • pelvis Skeletal System • • • • • Supports the body Protects internal organs Stores minerals Enables the body to move Produces blood cells Skeletal System • bones • ligaments • cartilage osteoporosis • • a condition where bones become weak and break easily due to the loss of minerals such as calcium sometimes resulting in pain, decreased height, and skeletal deformities: common in older persons, primarily women osteoarthritis the most common form of arthritis, usually occurring after middle age, marked by chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling muscular system • the body’s muscles; works with the skeletal system to move the body, keeps the body warm, helps give the body shape, and provides the force needed to move blood throughout the body Muscular System • Muscles • Tendons What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? • Skeletal muscles • Smooth muscles • Cardiac muscles skeletal muscle • the type of muscle tissue that connects to bone; they pull on bones to make them move (also called striated muscle) smooth muscle • muscles that are not usually under conscious control; found in many organs such as the stomach or the walls of veins cardiac muscle • muscle tissue found only in the heart voluntary muscles • muscles that are under your control involuntary muscles • muscles that are not under your control tendons • a strong connective tissue that connects muscles to bones contract • when a muscle gets shorter relax • when a muscle returns to its original length Muscle Tissue skeletal Location Function Voluntary or Involuntary voluntary attached to bones pull bones to make them move smooth Internal organs (ex. stomach, walls of veins) they move food through digestive system cardiac heart only pumps blood involuntary through body; controls the contractions of the heart Involuntary Muscular System • Helps to move the body • Helps blood to circulate • Helps food move through digestive system • Muscles • Tendons Integumentary System • Your skin is your largest organ! • Textbook pp. 496 epidermis 67. the outermost layer of the skin 1. dermis 68. the inner layer of the skin 3. fatty layer 69. the inner-most layer of skin; also called the subcutaneous layer. (hypodermis) 6. sweat pores 65. openings in the skin where sweat comes out 4. sweat gland hair follicles 66. structures in the skin where hair grows 5. fatty layer 69. the inner-most layer of skin; also called the subcutaneous layer. (hypodermis) 6. melanin 70. the pigment that gives skin its color 2.5 99% continuously 1% • There are ___________ million sweat glands in the body. • A person perspires _________________. Sweat is ________ water and ______ salt and fat. quart evaporate • Up to a ____________ (8 cups) of liquid can _____________through the sweat glands each day. overheated nervous • People sweat more profusely when they are ___________________, stressed, _________________, or frightened.