Download Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal System
Common names
Vocabulary Lesson 2
1. skeleton – the framework of
connected bones in your body
2. bone – is an organ of the skeletal
system that stores minerals
3. bone marrow – soft tissue inside
a bone that makes blood cells and
stores fat
4. cartilage – the tissue between
the bones in your movable joints
5. joint – is a place where two or
more bones meet
6. ligament – connects bones
together at joints
7. tendon – attaches muscles to
bones
8. Osteoporosis – a disease in
which the bones become weaker
9. arthritis – painful joints
10. voluntary muscles – muscles
you have control over
11. involuntary muscles – muscles
you do not have control over
1. What is your Skeletal System?
a. The skeleton is the
framework to hold you up and
protect organs
– b. More than 200 bones – 206 as
an adult
– c. Almost every bone is connected to
another bone by a joint
i. Ligaments hold two bones
together at joints
ii. Joints also allow bones to move
iii. Tendons attach muscles to bones
–d. types of bones – long, short, flat,
irregular
2. Bone and joints
2. Bone and joint development
– a. cartilage between bones in movable
joints, keeps bones from grinding
together
– b. soft flexible tissue when you are a
baby, as you get older it hardens and
becomes bone tissue as minerals, such
as calcium, build up in the bone
– c. types of joints – fixed, slightly
moveable, and synovial (ball and
socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, and
saddle)
– d. Osteoporosis – is a disease in which
the bones become weaker
– e. Arthritis – is irritation of the joints,
painful joints
Joints
3. What is your muscular system?
– a. Made up of all your muscles
– b. Movement occurs by contracting the
muscle (length shortens)
– c. Some muscles stretch across
movable joints
–
–
d. Connection of bone to muscle =
tendons, bone to bone = ligaments
e. Muscles only pull, not push – helped
by working in pairs - ex: bicep and
tricep
When one contracts, the other relaxes
–
f. muscles you have control over are
voluntary – EX: moving your arm to
catch a ball, muscles that you do not
have control over are involuntary – EX:
heart beating
4. Kinds of muscles
Skeletal muscle – muscles that is
attached to bones, when they contract
they pull on bones causing bone
movement
Smooth muscle – is muscle that forms
some internal organs, contraction of this
type of muscles pushes materials
through the organ
Cardiac muscle – is muscle that forms
the heart
Musculoskeletal problems
Osteoporosis - weakening of the bone
caused by low calcium or lack of weight
bearing exercise
Arthritis - Painful joint inflammation medication and physical therapy
Osteoarthritis - arthritis caused by aging joint replacement, medication
Scoliosis - curvature of the spine exercise or a brace
Sprain (injury to ligaments) vs. strain
(overstretching and possible torn muscle)
- RICE (rest, ice, compression and
elevation)
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Muscular Dystrophy - genetic disease
leading to muscular weakness and
sometimes destruction of muscle tissue no cure, physical therapy
Inguinal hernia - intestine bulges through
abdominals - surgery
Muscle cramp - sudden and painful muscle
contraction - stretch, potassium
Tendinitis - inflammation of a tendon
caused by aging or excessive exercise or
improper form during activity - rest, antiinflammatory medication, avoid overuse
Shin splints - muscle tearing away from
the bone - rest, ice, pain meds
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Review Lesson 2
Review – Lesson 2
What are the 2 main jobs for your
skeleton?
What are the 4 types of bones and give
an example of each type?
What is a joint and name one type
What is the difference between tendons
and ligaments?
What is cartilage and where is it found?
How do your muscles make your
bones move?
List the 3 kinds of muscles and
describe their functions.
Name one problem of the skeletal
system and its treatment or
prevention
Name one problem of the muscular
system and its treatment or
prevention
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1. Hold you upright and protect your
organs
2. Long (humerus, femur); Short
(patella, carpals, tarsals); Irregular
(pelvis, vertebrae); Flat (skull, ribs)
3. A joint is where 2 or more bones
connect ... ball and socket = hip and
shoulder; hinge = knee and elbow
4. Tendons connect muscle to bone
and ligaments connect bone to bone
5. Cartilage is found at the ends of
many bones and the tips of nose and
ears
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6. Muscles contract (pull) and
because each end of the muscle is
attached to a different bone, it pulls
the bones closer together
7. Skeletal muscles are attached to
bones and create movement;
Smooth muscles make up many
internal organs such as the stomach
and intestines and help move food
through the digestive system;
Cardiac muscle is the muscle found
in the heart that pushes blood
through the body
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