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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Skeletal and Muscular Systems multicellular Human beings are ________________________ organisms with many cells tissues kinds of ______________ which make up many types of ___________ organs which make up many types of ______________ which make up several types of ____________ The main job of all organ ______________. systems these groupings of cells is to provide all cells with basic needs such as nutrients oxygen waste __________. removal ________________, _______________, and ___________ The systems that make up the human body include ________________, digestive skeletal muscular circulatory ____________________, _________________, __________________, respiratory nervous endocrine ____________________, _________________, __________________, ____________________, ________________, and ________________. lymphatic excretory reproductive interact These systems _________________ with each other. The Skeletal System bones The skeletal system is a network of _______________ located throughout the body. A. Functions of the skeletal system shape support 1. Gives ________________ and _____________ to the body 2. Protection of ________________ internal ______________ organs movement 3. Aids in _____________________ when used with the muscles __________________ that are attached to them and coordinated by the _____________ nervous _______________. system *Locomotion is necessary for danger 1. ________________escaping _______________ 2. _______________obtaining ________________ food 3. _______________obtaining ________________ shelter reproducing 4. ________________________ 4. The ________________ of bones produces __________ marrow blood _______. cells Minerals calcium 5. _________________ such as ______________ and phosphorus __________________ are stored in bones. B. Structure of bone 206 in the human body. They are often 1. There are ________ bones shape classified according to their ______________. femur a. Long (__________________) b. Flat (__________________) scapula c. Irregular (________________) carpel, skull phalanges d. Short (______________________) 2. The outer surface of bones is covered with a membrane called the periosteum ______________________. Blood vessels a. ____________ ____________ in this membrane carry _______________ to the nutrients bone (which, by the way, is living tissue!!!!) growth a. It is also important for ____________ and ________________ of the bone. repair compact 3. Under the periosteum is the hard __________ bone which contains bone _____________ cells a. ___________ b. ___________ blood _____________ vessels minerals calcium c. ______________ including ____________ phosphorus and __________________. ricketts A lack of calcium and phosphorus causes the diseases _____________ and ________________________. osteoporosis Elastic fibers d. ______________ _______________ keep bones from becoming too brittle or easily _______________. broken Spongy ________________ bone e. ___________ is found towards the ends of the bone. It contains many small _________ __________ that make open spaces the bone _____________________. lightweight f. The hollow part in the middle of ____________ long bones contains _______________ which produces marrow _________ ____________ ____________ and __________ _________ red blood cells white blood ______________. cells g. The ends of bones are covered with a layer of __________________ cartilage so that they do not rub together, but move smoothly. It also provides a ____________________ cushion between vertebrae and in joints, and gives ears structure to _______________ and noses _________________. Bone tissue is made up of living cells!! It is always being ______________ built broken down Osteoblasts and ________________________ by special bone cells. _________________ make new bone cells and ____________________________ break down osteoclasts calcium bone cells to send ____________________ to other parts of the body for chemical reactions. 3. A break in a bone is called a _________________ fracture which can X-ray be seen by an ____________________ photograph. Fractures can be _____________________ where the skin is not broken simple compoound or ____________________ where the bone breaks through the skin. 4. Types of joints (where bones _______________) meet rotates a. Pivot – One bone _________________ in a ring of another bone. Ex: ____________________________________ head/neck cup b. Ball-and-socket – The end of one bone fits into a ________ of another bone. Ex: ___________ hip and _____________________ shoulder c. Hinge – Moves ____________ and ______________ like a door. back forth elbows knees fingers Ex: ______________, _____________, ________________, ______________, and ________________ toes jaw d. Gliding or sliding joint – one bone _____________ glides over wrist ankle another bone. Ex: ________________, ________________, and _________________________. vertebrae e. Immovable joints – No movement!! Ex: _______________ and skull ____________________ pelvis 5. Bones in joints are held together by ______________________. ligaments The Muscular System move organs Muscles _________ body parts. They are ____________ that contract and get _________________, causing body parts to ______________. shorter move 60 There are over ___________ muscles in the human body. 0 A. Types of Muscles control 1. Voluntary – Muscles that you _______________ consciously. Ex: __________, _____________, ______________ leg arm face continuously 2. Involuntary – Muscles that work _____________________ without heart digestive you thinking about it. Ex: ________________, ________________, diaphragm ______________________ B. Types of Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal muscle – attached to _____________ bone tendons by ______________. These muscles are _________________ muscles. Ex: __________ voluntary bicep and ________________. These work in tricep ________ pairs to move bones in opposite directions. * These muscles contract quickly and tire easily. 2. Smooth muscle - _______________________ involuntary muscles found in the walls of the ________________, ___________________, stomach intestines _________ ______________, and other organs. These muscles blood vessels contract and relax slowly but don't often tire. 3. Cardiac muscle - ____________________ involuntary muscle found only in the ____________________. heart Review Questions: 1. What holds bones together in a joint? ____________________ ligaments tendons 2. What attaches bones and muscles together? ______________________ cartilage 3. What cushions bones in joints? _____________________ marrow 4. What makes blood cells? _____________________ calcium phosphorus 5. What minerals are in bone? ________________ and ________________ 6. What is the membrane that covers bones and aids in healing? periosteum _______________________________ Maura goes out for track for a season and decreases her resting pulse rate from 76 beats per minute to 66 beats per minute. How many beats per day is she saving her heart by being in shape? 10 beats x 60 minutes x 24 hours = minute hour day 14,400 beats per day! Skeletal and Muscular Systems Human beings are ________________________ organisms with many kinds of ______________ which make up many types of ___________ which make up many types of ______________ which make up several types of ____________ ______________. The main job of all these groupings of cells is to provide all cells with basic needs such as ________________, _______________, and ___________ __________. The systems that make up the human body include ________________, ____________________, _________________, __________________, ____________________, _________________, __________________, ____________________, ________________, and ________________. These systems _________________ with each other. The Skeletal System The skeletal system is a network of _______________ located throughout the body. A. Functions of the skeletal system 1. Gives ________________ and _____________ to the body 2. Protection of ________________ ______________ 3. Aids in _____________________ when used with the __________________ that are attached to them and coordinated by the _____________ _______________. *Locomotion is necessary for 1. _________________ _______________ 2. _______________ ________________ 3. _______________ ________________ 4. ________________________ 4. The ________________ of bones produces __________ _______. 5. _________________ such as ______________ and __________________ are stored in bones. B. Structure of bone 1. There are ________ bones in the human body. They are often classified according to their ______________. a. Long (__________________) b. Flat (__________________) c. Irregular (________________) d. Short (______________________) 2. The outer surface of bones is covered with a membrane called the ______________________. a. ____________ ____________ in this membrane carry _______________ to the bone (which, by the way, is living tissue!!!!) a. It is also important for ____________ and ________________ of the bone. 3. Under the periosteum is the hard __________ bone which contains a. ___________ _____________ b. ___________ _____________ c. ______________ including ____________ and __________________. A lack of calcium and phosphorus causes the diseases _____________ and ________________________. d. ______________ _______________ keep bones from becoming too brittle or easily _______________. e. ___________ ________________ is found towards the ends of the bone. It contains many small _________ __________ that make the bone _____________________. f. The hollow part in the middle of ____________ bones contains _______________ which produces _________ ____________ ____________ and __________ _________ ______________. g. The ends of bones are covered with a layer of __________________ so that they do not rub together, but move smoothly. It also provides a ____________________ between vertebrae and in joints, and gives structure to _______________ and _________________. Bone tissue is made up of living cells!! It is always being ______________ and ________________________ by special bone cells. _________________ make new bone cells and ____________________________ break down bone cells to send ____________________ to other parts of the body for chemical reactions. 3. A break in a bone is called a _________________ which can be seen by an ____________________ photograph. Fractures can be _____________________ where the skin is not broken or ____________________ where the bone breaks through the skin. 4. Types of joints (where bones _______________) a. Pivot – One bone _________________ in a ring of another bone. Ex: ____________________________________ b. Ball-and-socket – The end of one bone fits into a ________ of another bone. Ex: ___________ and _____________________ c. Hinge – Moves ____________ and ______________ like a door. Ex: ______________, _____________, ________________, ______________, and ________________ d. Gliding or sliding joint – one bone _____________ over another bone. Ex: ________________, ________________, and _________________________. e. Immovable joints – No movement!! Ex: _______________ and ____________________ 5. Bones in joints are held together by ______________________. The Muscular System Muscles _________ body parts. They are ____________ that contract and get _________________, causing body parts to ______________. There are over ___________ muscles in the human body. A. Types of Muscles 1. Voluntary – Muscles that you _______________ consciously. Ex: __________, _____________, ______________ 2. Involuntary – Muscles that work _____________________ without you thinking about it. Ex: ________________, ________________, ______________________ B. Types of Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal muscle – attached to _____________ by ______________. These muscles are _________________ muscles. Ex: __________ and ________________. These work in ________ to move bones in opposite directions. * These muscles contract quickly and tire easily. 2. Smooth muscle - _______________________ muscles found in the walls of the ________________, ___________________, _________ ______________, and other organs. These muscles contract and relax slowly but don't often tire. 3. Cardiac muscle - ____________________ muscle found only in the ____________________. Review Questions: 1. What holds bones together in a joint? ____________________ 2. What attaches bones and muscles together? ______________________ 3. What cushions bones in joints? _____________________ 4. What makes blood cells? _____________________ 5. What minerals are in bone? ________________ and ________________ 6. What is the membrane that covers bones and aids in healing? _______________________________ Maura goes out for track for a season and decreases her resting pulse rate from 76 beats per minute to 66 beats per minute. How many beats per day is she saving her heart by being in shape?