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What is the life process of locomotion? movement or the ability to move from one place to another Which two body systems interact to carry out this life process? SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS! What are the major functions of the skeletal system? • What would we look like without bones? Like the frame of a house •Gives our body support What are the major functions of the skeletal system? Protection of body organs What are the major functions of the skeletal system? Provides a site for blood cell formation What are the major functions of the skeletal system? Storage of minerals: Calcium What are bones made up of and what are their respective functions? B A E C D A: Spongy Bone: Has Openings to make bones light What are bones made up of and what are their respective functions? B A E C D B: Compact Bone: Hard, Strong layer to Protect the Bone What are bones made up of and what are their respective functions? B A E C D C: Periosteum: Outer Covering of the bone that allows the bones to grow and repair breaks What are bones made up of and what are their respective functions? B A E C D D: Marrow: Produces New Blood Cells What are bones made up of and what are their respective functions? B A E C D E: Blood Vessels: Brings Nutrients and Oxygen to the bone; Removes wastes; Carries new blood cells out of the marrow What is connective tissue? • Tissue or Material that holds various structures together 11 Ligaments Ligaments connect bones to each other Tendons: What are they? • Tough, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone. Cartilage Where is it found? What is it? It is a soft, flexible tissue that provides structure and support for other tissues and between bones What is a joint? Any place where two bones meet; They allow us to move! What are the types of joints within our body? • Immovable: Joint that cannot move Ex: Skull, Pelvis • Pivot: One bone rotates around another • Ex: Ulna and Radius, Skull and Neck • Ball and Socket: Capable of full rotation • Ex: Hip, Shoulder • Hinge: Allows for back and forth movement • Ex: Knee, Elbow • Gliding: Bones “glide” over each other • Ex: Wrist, Ankle 16 A Muscle B Cartilage C Bone E Ligament D Tendon 17 What are the major functions of the Muscular System? producing motion, providing stabilization, and generating heat Muscles can be classified as voluntary or involuntary • VOLUNTARY: muscle whose action is controlled by an individual’s will (ex: skeletal) • INVOLUNTARY: a muscle that contracts without conscious control (ex: cardiac or smooth) 19 Skeletal Muscle: Where is it found? •Voluntary or involuntary? •Striated or smooth? •Many nuclei or 1? Smooth Muscle: Where is it found? Hint: peristalsis •Voluntary or involuntary? •Striated or smooth? •Many nuclei or 1? Cardiac Muscle: Where is it found? • Voluntary or involuntary? • Striated or smooth? • Many nuclei or 1? How do muscles work to move your arm? 23 How do muscles work to move your arm? • Muscles work in Pairs • One muscle contracts, while its pair relaxes • Contracting Muscle: flexor (flexes), shortens in length • Relaxing Muscle: extensor (extends), increases in length • Antagonistic Pairs (ex: biceps and triceps) 24 Types of Muscles Review Chart Muscle Type Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Striated Vol. Invol. Nuclei Location