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Skeletal and Muscular Systems Vocabulary • • • • • • Cell – basic unit of structure and function of living things Locomotion – movement Organ – a group of tissues working together Organ System - a group of organs working together Organism – the living thing with functional organ systems Tissue – a group of cells working together Levels of Organization • • • • • Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Skeletal System • Functions: – – – – Support 1. Provides shape and ____________ Protects 2. ____________tissues and organs Phosphorous 3. Stores calcium and _____________ Red 4. Produces _________ blood cells Skeletal System – 5. ______________ - allows movement Locomotion necessary to: • • • • A. escape danger Shelter B. find food and _________ C. reproduce BONES Made of 206 _________ Cranium (Protects the Brain) (Protects the Spinal Cord) Ribs (Protects Vital Organs – Lungs and Heart) Humerus (Upper Arm Bone) Pelvis Femur (Largest Bone in the Body) Note – the smallest bones in the body are located in your ear Skeletal System • Cartilage – Connective Tissue Protect – 1. Cushions to _______________ the ends of the bone – 2. Provides structure and support. Ex. Ear, Nose Skeletal System Joint • 1. Where two bones meet • 2. Bones are held together by Ligaments ___________ • • Bone--Ligament--Bone 3.Types: Moveable – A: ball and socket ________________________ Full circular movement Back & forth movement – B: hinge _______________________________ – C: pivot ________________________________ Twisting movement Sliding – D: gliding ______________________________ 4.Immoveable joints-----fused joint……cranium plates C A D B Muscular System Muscle Made of three types of ________ Type Description & Function Example Skeletal Muscle Striated (Bands), Voluntary react quickly, tire quickly Biceps Triceps Smooth Muscle Not striated, involuntary React slowly, tire slowly Esophagus intestines Cardiac Muscle Striated complex mesh involuntary …reacts quickly… never tires Heart only Muscular System Type Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle • • • Antagonistic Pairs Skeletal muscles work in pairs As one muscle contracts the other relaxes • • Muscles are attached to bones by _______________ Tendons Muscles—tendon—bone Nervous All movement is coordinated by the _________ system • What other systems do you think is important to the skeletal and muscular systems? Nervous System to coordinate movement Circulatory System to deliver nutrients and oxygen for energy and take away wastes Review – Energy • • Energy can not be created or destroyed Energy can be converted (transformed to another form ex. Electrical to Heat in a clothes iron
