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28 October 2008 • Midterm grades: Test 1 (50%), quizzes (50%) • Today: – Smooth muscle (Ch 9) – Control of body movement (Ch 10) • Friday: begin Ch 12 cardiovascular physiology • Lab this week: Frog Muscle # 1 (see website) – Runs 20 minutes over • Abstract Due Date: Friday Nov 13th check website for details Friday class demo of using SPSS Chapter 9 B Properties of Smooth Muscle (Cardiac muscle covered later) How does smooth muscle differ from skeletal muscle? (innervation, membrane potentials, excitation-contraction coupling, twitch duration, fatigue, etc. (Table 9-6 p.292) What are the features of membrane potential of smooth muscle? (pacemakers and slow waves) What are the differences between single-unit and multi-unit smooth muscle? (location, spread of excitation) Figure 9.34 from SR and influx during Action Potential or graded potential Graded potentials result in graded contractions Special situation: Dephosphorylation & latch bridge latchbridge Know the locations of single-unit and multi-unit smooth muscles Control of membrane potential by neurotransmitters, hormones, local factors for some smooth muscles (02, pH, stretch, vasodilators….) Fig. 09.06 Know this table Except Cardiac Muscle for now End of material for Test # 2 Begin material for Test # 3 Chapter 10: Control of somatic motor systems Riding a bike, playing piano, swinging a bat or golf club…. Fig. 10.10a Somatatopy in Primary Motor Cortex Fig. 10.02 Formerly called “basal ganglia”, consist of caudate, putatmen, and globus pallidus Decision to move Fig. 10.01 Initiates motor command Coordinates secondary movements Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts Balance and complex learned movements Pathways? Examples of motor disorders: Huntington’s Disease and Cerebellar Disorder Reflex Local control • Muscle spindle – Stretch receptor – Intrafusal muscle fiber • What is their role? • The stretch reflex… – Follow the reflex arc – Be able to differentiate function of afferent fibers, alpha motor neurons, and gamma motor neurons Spindle Afferent Fig. 10.05ab Fig. 10.05c Co-activation of alpha and gamma motoneurons insures that the stretch of muscle can be detected regardless of the initial length or state of contraction of that muscle. Stretch Reflex Monosynpatic excitation of motoneurons of that muscle and synergistic muscles and polysynaptic inhibition of motoneurons to antagonistic muscles. Recall frog reflex lab and existence of spinal reflexes in single-pithed frogs. Also, example Christopher Reeve and patellar reflex.