Download CLOSED WOUNDS

CLOSED WOUNDS
BRUISE:
• Simplest of the closed wounds.
• Blow to the body damages soft
tissue layers.
• Bleeding occurs beneath the
skin.
• Swelling and color change
occur.
TREATMENT:
Direct pressure, keep area still,
apply ice (about 20 mins.), and
elevate as long as elevation
does not cause pain.
OPEN WOUNDS
Abrasions: Most common open wound. Caused by
something rubbing roughly against the skin.
Does not bleed much but this wound still needs
to be cleaned properly since dirt and germs can
be rubbed into the wound.
Lacerations: A cut in the skin caused by a sharp
object. Can bleed heavily or not and damage
could be deep through fat and muscle which
allows for damage to nerves and blood vessels.
Infection can also occur easily if not treated
properly.
Avulsions: An injury where the skin is partly or
completely torn away. Violent force may
completely tear away a body part (amputation).
Deep tissue damage can cause significant
bleeding.
Punctures: An injury caused by a pointed object.
These wounds do not usually bleed very much
but infections could occur due to object carrying
dirt and germs deep into the body.
Incisions: A cut in the skin due to a sharp object.
Bleeding can be rapid and heavy. Very similar to
a laceration.
TREATMENT: Covering to help control bleeding
and prevent infection. Coverings are referred to
as dressings and bandages. Depending on
severity of the wound stitches could be required.
BURN CLASSIFICATIONS
BURNS BY SOURCES:
Thermal-from extremes of heat or cold, fire,
steam or hot liquids
Chemical-such as acid
Radiation-sunburn, x-rays or artificial
ultraviolet rays from a tanning booth
Electrical-from electrical wiring, high voltage
electrocution by downed power lines
BURN CLASSIFICATIONS
BURNS BY DEPTH
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First Degree Burns are the most shallow.
They involve only the outer layer of skin
which is the epidermis. These burns usually
appear red and swollen. There is no blistering
with first-degree burns and they usually heal
within 3 to 6 days without permanent
scarring.
Second Degree Burns extend into the middle
layer of skin called the dermis. Blistering
usually occurs with second-degree burns
which are red in color. However, a deep
second-degree burn may appear white in
color and the blisters may ooze a clear fluid.
They usually heal in 10 to 21 days but maybe
associated with significant scarring.
Third Degree Burns involve all three lays of
skin - the epidermis, dermis and fat layer usually destroying the sweat glands, hair
follicles and nerve endings. Because the
nerves have been destroyed, these burns are
not painful. No blisters develop. The
appearance and symptoms of deep burns can
worsen during the first hours or even days
after the burn.
DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
• Dislocation is the
movement of a bone at
a joint away from its
normal position
• Fracture is a complete
break, chip or crack in
a bone.
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
Sprain is the tearing of
ligaments at a joint. Mild
sprains may swell but
usually heal quickly. Severe
sprains may also involve a
fracture or dislocation.
Strain is a stretching and
tearing of muscles or
tendons. Can be caused by
lifting something heavy or
working a muscle too hard.
Care For Muscle, Bone,or Joint Injury
•Rest•Immobilize•Cold•Elevate-
Do not move or straighten injured area
stabilize the injury
fill plastic bag or wrap ice and apply to injury
Do not elevate if it causes pain