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The Skeleton System
Starter
Name as many bones in the
body as you can (work as
pairs)
THINK / PAIR / SHARE
Hint: Think of any you may
have broken! : P
Pair with the most answers
wins!
Extension: Which life
process (MRS FREG) does
the Skeleton System link to?
Objectives
Know the role of the skeleton in the body
Know that bones contain minerals
OUTCOMES
In my group I can create a labelled skeleton
I can identify common parts in skeletons (Level 3)
I can state what minerals are found in bones (Level 4)
I can identify and describe the main types of joints in the skeleton (Level 5)
I can explain the job of the skeletal system (Level 6)
STS - I can work effectively within a group
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System has three functions,
do you know what they are?
PROTECTION The skeleton protects important INTERNAL
ORGANS. The skull protects the brain and
the pelvis protects the reproductive organs.
SUPPORT
This is the main function of the skeleton - to
SUPPORT OUR BODIES. Without a skeleton,
what do you think we would look like?
MOVEMENT
The skeleton helps our bodies to move by a
system of JOINTS and by providing a base for
MUSCLES TO ATTACH TO.
Exercise 1: The Skeleton
Cranium
Clavicle
Mandible
Humerus
Sternum
Ulna
Ribs
Vertebrae
In tables create your own skeleton to go on
display (Place it in any pose you want, be as
crazy as you like : P)
Success Criteria
1. Assemble your skeleton correctly (Level 3)
2. Label it using the bones you mentioned in
our starter (Level 4)
Radius
Pelvis
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Exercise 2: Protection
1. Complete the table below, stating which part of the
skeleton protects which internal organ:
Internal organ
Heart
Brain
Protected by
Rib cage
Lungs
Skull
Ribcage
Spinal cord
Spine
Reproductive
organs
Pelvis
2. What are the two other functions of the skeleton (apart
from protection)?
Support and movement
X ray Quiz
Write numbers 1-15 at the back
of your exercise book and state
what the following x rays are of.
Explain in as much detail.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Starter Case Study
What is wrong
with this
patient?
What could
possibly have
caused his
injury?
Joints
Where two bones meet is called a JOINT. There are several
different types of joint. The difference between the different
types being the AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT and the TYPE
OF MOVEMENT they allow the bones in the joint to make.
Do you know the names for the types of joint?
Hinge
Ball and socket
Fixed
Pivot
Sliding
Do you know what types of
movement these joints allow?
Try moving different joints in
your body. See what types of
movement are allowed by the
different joints.
Exercise 3: Joints
1. Link the type of joint with the movement it allows and an
example of that type of joint.
Ball and socket
None
Skull
Hinge
360°
Elbow
Fixed
180°
Hip
Exercise 4: The Skeleton
1. What are the three functions of the skeleton?
Support, protection, movement.
2. Name two organs that the rib cage protects.
Heart and lungs.
3. What do we call it where two bones meet?
A joint.
4. What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
A ball and socket joint.
5. What type of movement does a hinge allow?
180°.
Joints 1
Bone
The cartilage
stops the bones
rubbing together.
Cartilage
Synovial fluid
The synovial
fluid acts as a
lubricant to
reduce friction.
Bone
Synovial capsule
The synovial
capsule keeps in
the synovial fluid.
Joints 2
Bone
Tendons attach
muscle to bone.
Tendon
Muscle
Ligaments
Ligaments attach
bone to bone and hold
the joint in place.
Exercise 5: Link the Word with the Description
Cartilage
Rib cage
Synovial fluid
Attaches muscle to bone
Protects the heart and
lungs
Stops bones rubbing together
Attaches bone to bone
Ligament
Tendon
Acts as a lubricant
in joints
Exercise 6: Label the Joint Below
A. ______
Bone
C. Cartilage
_______
B. Synovial
___________
fluid
D. ______________
Synovial capsule
Exercise 7: Friction
1. What stops the bones rubbing against each other in a joint?
Cartilage.
2. What is the function of synovial fluid?
Acts as a lubricant.
3. What stops the synovial fluid leaking away?
The synovial capsule.
4. What would happen if the cartilage was worn away?
The bones would rub together (very painful).
Exercise 8: Label the Joint Below
A. ______
Tendon
C. Ligaments
________
Bone
D. ______
Muscle
B. ___________
Exercise 9: Holding Joints in Place
1. What attaches muscle to bone?
A tendon.
2. What attaches bone to bone?
A ligament.
3. What is the function of the ligaments?
To hold a joint in place.
4. What could happen if a ligament was damaged?
The bones would not be held in place, unrestricted movement
of the joint could damage ligaments and tendons.
5. What could happen if a tendon was damaged?
It would restrict movement and could damage attached muscle.
Exercise 10: Research Homework
1. How many bones are there in the human body?
206.
2. What are the smallest bones in the human body?
The ossicles (in the ear).
3. Which is the largest bone in the human body?
The femur (thigh bone).
4. Which mineral is required for good bone growth?
Calcium.
Muscles
Without muscles your skeleton would be unable to move. The
problem is that your muscles are only able to CONTRACT.
This means that muscles must work in PAIRS if they want to
move bones BACK and FORTH.
As one muscle in the pair CONTRACTS the other muscle in
the pair RELAXES.
To lower the arm
the biceps relax
and the triceps
contract.
To raise the arm the biceps
contract and the triceps relax.
Exercise 11: Muscles
Muscles are attached to bones by ________.
tendons When
a muscle ________
contracts this causes the bone to move.
Muscles can only contract so muscles often work in
pairs
______.
To move you lower arm you have two muscles on
triceps When
your upper arm. The biceps and the ______.
muscles work in pairs like this we call them
__________
antagonistic muscles.
When the biceps contract this moves your lower arm
up; when the triceps contract this moves your lower
arm down.
pairs
antagonistic
contracts
triceps
tendons