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The Skeleton System Starter Name as many bones in the body as you can (work as pairs) THINK / PAIR / SHARE Hint: Think of any you may have broken! : P Pair with the most answers wins! Extension: Which life process (MRS FREG) does the Skeleton System link to? Objectives Know the role of the skeleton in the body Know that bones contain minerals OUTCOMES In my group I can create a labelled skeleton I can identify common parts in skeletons (Level 3) I can state what minerals are found in bones (Level 4) I can identify and describe the main types of joints in the skeleton (Level 5) I can explain the job of the skeletal system (Level 6) STS - I can work effectively within a group The Skeletal System The Skeletal System has three functions, do you know what they are? PROTECTION The skeleton protects important INTERNAL ORGANS. The skull protects the brain and the pelvis protects the reproductive organs. SUPPORT This is the main function of the skeleton - to SUPPORT OUR BODIES. Without a skeleton, what do you think we would look like? MOVEMENT The skeleton helps our bodies to move by a system of JOINTS and by providing a base for MUSCLES TO ATTACH TO. Exercise 1: The Skeleton Cranium Clavicle Mandible Humerus Sternum Ulna Ribs Vertebrae In tables create your own skeleton to go on display (Place it in any pose you want, be as crazy as you like : P) Success Criteria 1. Assemble your skeleton correctly (Level 3) 2. Label it using the bones you mentioned in our starter (Level 4) Radius Pelvis Femur Fibula Tibia Exercise 2: Protection 1. Complete the table below, stating which part of the skeleton protects which internal organ: Internal organ Heart Brain Protected by Rib cage Lungs Skull Ribcage Spinal cord Spine Reproductive organs Pelvis 2. What are the two other functions of the skeleton (apart from protection)? Support and movement X ray Quiz Write numbers 1-15 at the back of your exercise book and state what the following x rays are of. Explain in as much detail. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Starter Case Study What is wrong with this patient? What could possibly have caused his injury? Joints Where two bones meet is called a JOINT. There are several different types of joint. The difference between the different types being the AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT and the TYPE OF MOVEMENT they allow the bones in the joint to make. Do you know the names for the types of joint? Hinge Ball and socket Fixed Pivot Sliding Do you know what types of movement these joints allow? Try moving different joints in your body. See what types of movement are allowed by the different joints. Exercise 3: Joints 1. Link the type of joint with the movement it allows and an example of that type of joint. Ball and socket None Skull Hinge 360° Elbow Fixed 180° Hip Exercise 4: The Skeleton 1. What are the three functions of the skeleton? Support, protection, movement. 2. Name two organs that the rib cage protects. Heart and lungs. 3. What do we call it where two bones meet? A joint. 4. What type of joint is the shoulder joint? A ball and socket joint. 5. What type of movement does a hinge allow? 180°. Joints 1 Bone The cartilage stops the bones rubbing together. Cartilage Synovial fluid The synovial fluid acts as a lubricant to reduce friction. Bone Synovial capsule The synovial capsule keeps in the synovial fluid. Joints 2 Bone Tendons attach muscle to bone. Tendon Muscle Ligaments Ligaments attach bone to bone and hold the joint in place. Exercise 5: Link the Word with the Description Cartilage Rib cage Synovial fluid Attaches muscle to bone Protects the heart and lungs Stops bones rubbing together Attaches bone to bone Ligament Tendon Acts as a lubricant in joints Exercise 6: Label the Joint Below A. ______ Bone C. Cartilage _______ B. Synovial ___________ fluid D. ______________ Synovial capsule Exercise 7: Friction 1. What stops the bones rubbing against each other in a joint? Cartilage. 2. What is the function of synovial fluid? Acts as a lubricant. 3. What stops the synovial fluid leaking away? The synovial capsule. 4. What would happen if the cartilage was worn away? The bones would rub together (very painful). Exercise 8: Label the Joint Below A. ______ Tendon C. Ligaments ________ Bone D. ______ Muscle B. ___________ Exercise 9: Holding Joints in Place 1. What attaches muscle to bone? A tendon. 2. What attaches bone to bone? A ligament. 3. What is the function of the ligaments? To hold a joint in place. 4. What could happen if a ligament was damaged? The bones would not be held in place, unrestricted movement of the joint could damage ligaments and tendons. 5. What could happen if a tendon was damaged? It would restrict movement and could damage attached muscle. Exercise 10: Research Homework 1. How many bones are there in the human body? 206. 2. What are the smallest bones in the human body? The ossicles (in the ear). 3. Which is the largest bone in the human body? The femur (thigh bone). 4. Which mineral is required for good bone growth? Calcium. Muscles Without muscles your skeleton would be unable to move. The problem is that your muscles are only able to CONTRACT. This means that muscles must work in PAIRS if they want to move bones BACK and FORTH. As one muscle in the pair CONTRACTS the other muscle in the pair RELAXES. To lower the arm the biceps relax and the triceps contract. To raise the arm the biceps contract and the triceps relax. Exercise 11: Muscles Muscles are attached to bones by ________. tendons When a muscle ________ contracts this causes the bone to move. Muscles can only contract so muscles often work in pairs ______. To move you lower arm you have two muscles on triceps When your upper arm. The biceps and the ______. muscles work in pairs like this we call them __________ antagonistic muscles. When the biceps contract this moves your lower arm up; when the triceps contract this moves your lower arm down. pairs antagonistic contracts triceps tendons