Download Figure 6.16

Do Now: Monday, Oct. 26
Objective: Body Movements
Do Now:
1. What is the difference between voluntary
and involuntary?
2. Give one example of a voluntary muscle and
one example of an involuntary muscle.
Agenda: Notes, Whiteboard Practice, Poster
Body Movements
1. Flexion: decreases angle, brings bones
together
– Biceps, hamstrings
2. Extension: increases angle, brings bones apart
– Triceps, quadriceps
Body Movements
Figure 6.13a–c
Body Movements
3. Abduction: move away from midline
4. Adduction: move to midline
Body Movements
5. Rotation: move around an axis
– Shake your head “no”
6. Circumduction: combination of flex, extend,
abduct, & adduct
– Shoulder
Body Movements
7. Dorsiflexion: ease up on the gas peddle (foot)
8. Plantar flexion: step on gas peddle (foot)
Body Movements
9. Supination: move palm up
– Hold a can of soup
10. Pronation: move palm down
Body Movements
11. Inversion: turn the sole inward
12. Eversion: turn the sole outward
Whiteboard Practice
• Guided Practice: Which is it?
Flex
Pronate
Eversion
Adduction
Extend
Rotate
Inversion
Dorsiflex
Supinate
Circumduct
Abduction
Plantar flex
Independent Practice
• Create a “Body Movements” Poster
– Include all 12 body movements in their pairs
– Draw a picture or use words to describe each
action
Body Movements
Flexion & Extension
Decreases
angle
Increases
angle
Abduction & Adduction
Away
Towards
Recap Information
• What movements are turning the sole inward
and outward?
• What movements are moving away from and
toward the midline?
• What movements are shaking your head and
moving your shoulder in a circle?
• What movements are decreasing and
increasing an angle?
• ***Muscle test will be on Wednesday 10/28
• 3 types of muscle tissue:
– Examples, striated, V/I, one or more nuclei?
• Difference between voluntary and involuntary.
• Examples of voluntary, involuntary, and both.
• 12 body movements
Recap Information
1. What movements are palms up and palms
down?
2. Draw a picture of flexion and extension.
**Reminder: Bones summary due at end of class.
**Quiz Today on Muscle Types and Body
Movements!
Types of Muscles
• Muscles can’t push – they only pull.
• 12 body movements
– Result of teams of muscles acting together or
against each other
– Skeletal muscles arranged in this way
Types of Muscles
• Prime mover – muscle with the major
responsibility for a certain movement
– Biceps: flex elbow
• Fixator – stabilizes the bone of a prime mover
– Postural muscles: stabilize vertebrae
Types of Muscles
• Antagonist – muscle that opposes/reverses a
prime mover
– Triceps (extend) opposes biceps (flex)
• Synergist – muscle that helps a prime mover
do the same movement
– Arm and leg muscles
Head Muscles
• Facial Muscles: inserted into other muscles or
skin (not bone)
– Smile, grin, frown, pout…
• Chewing Muscles: help breakdown food
Facial Muscles
• Frontalis: covers frontal bone
– Insertion: skin of eyebrows
– Action: wrinkle forehead
Facial Muscles
• Orbicularis oculi
– Insertion: tissue around eyes
– Action: squint, blink, wink
Facial Muscles
• Orbicularis oris
– Insertion: skin around mouth
– Action: close mouth and stick out lips (kissing
muscle)
Facial Muscles
• Buccinator:
– Insertion: orbicularis oris
– Action: flattens the cheek (whistle) and helps in
chewing
Facial Muscles
• Zygomaticus
– Insertion: corner or lips
– Action: raises corners of mouth up (smile)
Chewing Muscles
• Masseter
– Insertion: mandible
– Action: closes the jaw
Facial Muscles
• Temporalis
– Insertion: mandible
– Action: closes the jaw
**Both the temporalis and masseter close the jaw
(same action)….what do we call this type of
muscle?
Chewing Muscles
• Occipitalis
– Insertion: occipital bone
– Action: draws back the scalp to wrinkle forehead
What muscle is this muscle a synergist with?
• Whiteboards:
Practice
– Only write on the boards the answers to the
questions
– You will have about 15 seconds to answer the
question.
– Keep your answers to yourself.
– I will tell you when to raise the boards up.
– Participation points: you will receive a zero for the
day if you do not participate on every question.
• Smiling muscle
• Covers the frontal bone and wrinkles the
forehead
• Squint and blink
• Whistle (flatten the cheek)
• Synergists that close the jaw (two bones)
• Muscle that opposes the action of another
• Two synergist muscles that work together to
wrinkle the forehead
• Muscle that holds the bone in place
• End of today’s information
• Tomorrow Slides 36-65 will be covered.
Labeling Head Muscles
Labeling Head Muscles
DO NOW
• Do Now: Tuesday, Oct. 27
– What two muscles are synergists that close the
jaw?
– What two muscles are synergists that help to
wrinkle the forehead?
– What muscle helps covers the cheekbone and
helps you smile?
Neck/Trunk Muscles
• Trunk:
– Move the vertebral column
– Anterior thorax: move ribs, head, arms
– Abdomi
• Neck: Move the head and shoulder girdle
– Small and straplike
Anterior Muscles
• Platysma
– Insertion: tissue around mouth
– Action: pull corners of mouth down
Anterior, neck
Labeling Head Muscles
Anterior Muscles
• Sternocleidomastoid
– Insertion: Temporal bone
– Action: rotate head
**Turn head to left  use right SCM
Anterior, neck
Labeling Head Muscles
Anterior Muscles
• Pectoralis major (pecs)
– Insertion: humerus
– Action: adduct and flex humerus
Anterior, trunk
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
Anterior Muscles
• Rectus abdominus (abs)
– Insertion: sternum and ribs
– Action: flex vertebral column
**Run vertically
Anterior, trunk
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
Anterior Muscles
• External oblique
– Insertion: ilium
– Action: flex/rotate ribs
Anterior, trunk
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
Posterior Muscles
• Trapezius
– Insertion: scapula
– Action: extend and adduct scapula
Posterior, trunk
Posterior Muscles
• Latissimus dorsi (lats)
– Insertion: humerus
– Action: extends and adducts humerus
Posterior Muscles
• Erector spinae (back)
– Insertion: ribs/vertebrae
– Action: extends back
**Very deep muscles  cannot see on a diagram.
Posterior, trunk
Posterior Muscles
• Deltoid (shoulder)
– Insertion: humerus
– Action: abducts humerus
Posterior, trunk
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Figure 6.17
PRACTICE
•
•
•
•
•
•
Erector spinae
External oblique
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Platysma
Rectus abdominus
DO NOW
– What do you call your ab muscles?
– Shoulder muscles?
– Upper chest muscles?
– Deep back muscles?
– Muscle you can feel when you turn your head
from side to side?
DO NOW
– What muscle helps you connects at the corners of
the mouth and helps you frown?
– Trunk muscle that helps you rotate your body
from side to side?
– What muscle forms a trapezoid shape on the
posterior side of your body?
– What muscle helps you whistle?
AGENDA
– Catch up on missed notes.
– Complete the coloring worksheet for the muscles
in the top portion that we have covered already.
– Complete the muscles practice questions.
• Create 5 multiple choice questions with a/b/c/d choices
about muscles with answers.
• Switch with a partner and see how many he/she gets
correct.
• Turn both sheets in at the end of the period.
Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 6.19c
Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20
Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.21
Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.22
DO NOW
• Answer on the top of your guided notes.
• What are antagonistic muscles?
• Give two examples you can think of in your
body (hint: one muscle flexes and the other
extends)
Project sheet will be given out and explained at
the end of class.
Skeletal Muscle Movement
• Skeletal muscles work in antagonistic pairsone muscle bends a joint, the other extends
the joint
– Hamstrings and Quadriceps
– Biceps and Triceps
– Abductors and adductors
Skeletal System Disorders
• -itis: inflammation
– Pain and swelling
– Body fights infection
Skeletal System Disorders
• Bursitis: inflammation of the bursa in the knee
– Caused by falling on one’s knee
– “Water on the knee”
Skeletal System Disorders
• Arthritis
– 100 different inflammatory diseases of the joints
– Pain, stiffness, & joint swelling
– Membrane thickens and joint fluid decreases 
friction (pain)
Skeletalmost
System
Disorders
• Osteoarthritis:
common
type
– Affects elderly as cartilage breaks down
– T(x): aspirin, exercise, & rest when needed
• Rheumatoid arthritis
– Cartilage is destroyed
– Scar tissue forms and becomes bone
• Gout: waste product accumulates in blood and
is deposited in joints causing great pain
(big toe)
Skeletal System Disorders
Skeletal System Disorders
• Osteoporosis
– Loss in bone mass  fragile bones
– Consequence of aging (esp. in women)
– Leads to fractures (hip)
Muscular Disorders
• Muscular Dystrophy
– Lack of protein dystrophin
– Muscles weaken and break down, replaced by fat
and connective tissue
– Gets worse over time
– T(x): manage the symptoms
Muscular Disorders
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
– Carpal tunnel: narrow passageway for bones and
ligaments at wrist
– Median nerve is squeezed at the wrist
– Results in pain/weakness in the hand and wrist
– Causes: genetic, overuse, sprain
– Treatment: aspirin, exercise, rest, surgery
Muscle Injury
• Strain- overstretching or tearing of a muscle
• Sprain- injury occurring in joint area where
ligament is damaged (worse)
• Cramp- painful muscle spasm, symptom of
ion/water imbalance or mild
inflammation/irritation
• Contusion- muscle bruise, localized internal
bleeding and inflammation
Semester Project
• 4 hours of class time to complete the project.
• If you use your time wisely, you should have
no problem finishing in time.
– While one student is building the model, the other
student should be making the labels.
• Exempt students will not have to complete the
write-up.
• If you need any simple materials from me, just
ask and I will try to help.
Rubric
• Behavior is a large portion of your grade
– Remember your materials for Wednesday
– If you forget, you will make labels or begin your
write-up for your project
– I am going to the store tonight so if you absolutely
need me to pick something up, let me know, but
remember to use cheap, household materials.
Before you leave….
• On a sheet of loose-leaf paper, include the
following:
– Partner names (one group of three or someone
can work alone)
– Materials you are using for your project
– Materials you need from me (make sure to ask
first though, don’t assume I will get them for you)
Example Project
Examples