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Muscular & Skeletal Systems Essential Question How do the muscular and skeletal systems work together? Muscular System Muscles are the organs that move body parts. Bones and joints have no power to move on their own. More than 600 muscles in the body 35–40% of body mass is muscle Muscular System Muscle—organ that contracts and becomes shorter or expands and becomes longer Result = Body parts move, energy is used, and work is done. Muscular System Two Groups of Muscles 1. Voluntary—You can control these. Arms, legs, hands, face 2. Involuntary—You can’t control these; you don’t have to decide to make these muscles work. Muscles around the heart Muscular System Three Types of Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal Muscle Most numerous in body Looks striped (striated) Attached to the bones by tendons Tendons—thick bands that pull on the bone as the muscle contracts Voluntary Contract quickly, tire easily Muscular System Three Types of Muscle Tissue (cont.) 2. Smooth Muscle Involuntary Found in: walls of stomach, intestine, uterus, etc. Contracts and relaxes slowly No striations Muscular System Three Types of Muscle Tissue (cont.) 3. Cardiac Muscle Only found in heart Involuntary Has striations Contracts 70 times per minute (heartbeat) Muscles at Work Skeletal muscle movements are results of pairs of muscles working together. One muscle contracts while the other muscle relaxes. Muscles always pull; they never push. Muscles at Work Results of Muscle Action Muscles contract This produces thermal energy, and it uses chemical energy. Thermal energy produces heat that helps keep body temperature constant. Chemical energy is from glucose. (When glucose is used up, muscles are tired and need to rest.) Muscles at Work Results of Muscle action (cont.) Over time, muscles become larger or smaller, depending on how much work they do. Skeletal System Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. Each bone in your body is a living organ, made of different tissues. Cells in bones take in food and use energy. Skeletal System Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. - Five Functions of Skeletal System 1. Framework gives shape & support to the body. Skeletal System Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. Five Functions of Skeletal System 1. Framework gives shape and support to the body. 2. Bones protect the internal organs. Skeletal System Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. Five Functions of Skeletal System 1. Framework gives shape & support to the body. 2. Bones protect the internal organs. 3. Major muscles of the body are attached to the bones. Skeletal System Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. Five Functions of Skeletal System 1. Framework gives shape & support to the body. 2. Bones protect the internal organs. 3. Major muscles of the body are attached to the bones. 4. Blood cells are formed in red marrow of some bones. Skeletal System Made up of all of the bones in your body, it is the framework of the body. Five Functions of Skeletal System 1. Framework gives shape & support to the body. 2. Bones protect the internal organs. 3. Major muscles of the body are attached to the bones. 4. Blood cells are formed in red marrow of some bones. 5. Skeleton is a place where major quantities of calcium and phosphorus compounds are stored. Bones The adult skeleton has 206 bones (baby has 270). Joints Any place where two or more bones meet Ligaments: tough bands of tissue that hold bones together at the joints Types of Joints Immovable Skull Pelvis Moveable Pivot Ball & socket Hinge Gliding http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg Types of Joints •Ball and Socket Joint •Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML Types of Joints •Pivot Joint •One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move http://www.funhousefilms.com/b-pivot2.jpg Types of Joints •Hinge Joint •Back-andforth movement like hinges on a door http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML Type of Joints •Gliding Joint •One part of a bone slides over another bone http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
