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The Musculoskeletal System There are 206 bones in an adult body and up to ~640 muscles in the body. The Musculoskeletal system is made up of all of the bones in the body and all of the muscles that help make them move. Function The main role of the musculoskeletal system is to provide: a) Movement to the body b) Structure c) Support d) Protection e) Anchor points for our muscles Structural Features Skeleton consists of three different types of connective tissue: 1) Bones - hard and dense - have canals inside for nerves and blood vessels - made up of bone cells within a matrix of minerals (calcium, phosphorus) -long bones contain bone marrow blood cells 2) ligaments -tough, elastic connective tissue -connects bone to bone; holding bones together at joints Ex. 3) Cartilage -dense connective tissue -provide a smooth surface, strong, flexible, low-friction support for bones and other tissues Ex. Muscle Tissue -consists of long cells called muscle fibres -contain specialized proteins - allow the muscle to contract -when a muscle contracts, it gets shorter and thicker -when a muscle relaxes, it gets longer and thinner 3 types of muscles: 1) skeletal muscle -voluntary (under conscious control) and striated (allows the muscle to contract and shorten) Ex. 2/3) smooth muscle & cardiac muscle -involuntary Ex. How muscles make bones move Tendons – attach muscles to bones which allow the movement of body parts -In order for muscles to work, it has to cross a joint -Skeletal muscles contract in response to signals from the nervous system -Muscles work in opposing pairs or groups Ex. Physical Impacts and Stresses on the Body -bones can break/fracture -muscles, ligaments and tendons can tear Skeletal System in Other Animals -All vertebrates have musculoskeletal systems similar to ours -Invertebrates have no rigid frame to give them structure -Insects and arthropods – have skeletal system on the outside of their body – called exoskeleton