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Muscles Myositis: inflammation of the muscles Causes: 1- injury 2- infectious agents as clostridium ,as black leg. 3- Parasitic myositis: as sarcosporidia which appear as white foci with mild inflammatory reaction. Cysticercosis in muscle of mandible and heart. Parasitic myositis several damage to muscle eosinophilic myositis. The muscle fiber is swellen by eosinophilic infiltration. White muscle disease = muscular dystrophy. It is adisease of skeletal or cardiac muscle which appear as a pale white in color, coagulative necrosis with fragment and disappear of muscle fiber, macrophage, lymphocyte infiltration with mild fibroplasia with calcification. This disease occur in lamb and calves due to vit. E and selenium deficiency. Azoturia: its one type of muscle myopathy in horse mainly those animal given large amount of grain in rest period and use direct to hard work. In this caused glycogen stored in muscle in rest time direct hard work used large amount of glycogen lactic acid necrosis of muscle myoglobin in blood damage of kidney due to myoglobin in urin. This disease also called Monday-morning disease also lead to zenkers necrosis of muscle fiber. Joints: Arthritis and per arthritis: Inflammation of any joint of the body called arthritis. Acute infection of several joints in the same time called poly arthritis. Type of arthritis: 1. Serous arthritis: excessive formation of synovia which lead to distended the joint capsule =puffy swelling. 2. Fibrinous arthritis . 3. Purulant arthritis . Fibrinous or purulant type occur due to wound which open joint cavity or in generatized septicemia or pyemic infection as joint ill umbilicus at birth. Synovial fringes: Chronic osteo arthritis characterized by proliferation of mesothelium and soft tissue of the joint capsule which lead to irregular form project into the joint cavity called synovial fringes. This growth may be detached and slowly kneaded into round bodies called corpora libra. Ankylosing spondylitis = spondylosis. Mean deforming occur in dog, cattle as a result fusion of exostosis on the ventral aspect of the adjacent vertebral bodies. Navicular disease : is abursitis and terminal arthritis involving the equine distal sesamoid or navicular bone . Hip dysplasia: dislocation the head of the femur in young dog due to abnormally shallow of the cetabular cavity. • Tendinitis: inflammation of tendon. • Bursitis: inflammation of synovial sheath. • Tendo- synovitis: inflammation of synovial sheath and tendon. Bone • Osteoperosis: Atrophy of bone that is to little bone present but what bone remains is calcified. • Osteopetrosis: mean excess of bone calcification but not confused with excess of osteoid formation in human. This disease called marble bone disease.The bone is enlarged to point of deformity. The cartilage disappear but persist calcified and surrounded by osteoid with decrease marrow space lead to myelophthisic anemia. • Exostosis: is bony proliferation project form the surface out ward. Its occur due to trauma. • Microscopically: compact bone with out arrangement into haversian system. • Endostosis: bony proliferation project in the medullary cavity arise from trabecule bone or cortex. • Microscopically:it is composed of trabecular bone surrounded by osteoclast embedded in C.T. • Osteitis: Inflammation of bone. • Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone and bone marrow. • Periostitis: Inflammation of periosteum. • Feature of bone inflammation. 1. Osteitis: Inflammation of bone. 2. Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone and bone marrow. 3. Periostitis: Inflammation of periosteum. Feature of bone inflammation. • Osteomyelitis: occur through hematogenesis , trauma or direct extension. The infection which localized in bone included a- brucella b- T.B. c- actinomycosis. Brucella induce intra osseus surrounded by F.C.T. capsule and inflammation included adjacent vertebrace= spondylitis.T.B. actinomycosisT.B. and actinomycosis form granulomatous lesion. Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone marrow the Rout of infection are: 1. Heamatogenous route (blood). 2. By local wound. 3. Fructure. Causes: • Biogenic bacteria suppurative osteomyelitis. • T.B. granulomatous