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Download Basics of Tissue Injuries - Doral Academy High School
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Basics of Tissue Injuries Soft Tissue Injuries • Wounds, Strains, Sprains ▫ Bleed, become infected, produced extra fluid • Classification: Acute ▫ Occurs suddenly as a result of a high amount of force applied to the tissue over a short time (milliseconds-seconds) • Wounds: ▫ Injuries to the skin Incision Abrasion Contusion Laceration Avulsion Amputation Puncture Contrecoup ▫ Bleed EXTERNALLY • Sprains ▫ Bleed INTERNALLY May cause fluid build up Ligament (Bone to Bone) • Strains ▫ Bleed INTERNALLY Tendons (Muscle to Bone) Muscle Grading • Grade 1 ▫ Over stretched No decreased ROM, WBAT, ADL • Grade 2 ▫ Partial tear Decreased ROM, P w/ WB, decreased ADL, Bruising • Grade 3 ▫ Complete rupture NWB, No ROM, often requires surgery Chronic Soft Tissue Injury • Chronic is the result of lesser forces being applied over a long period of time (weeks to months) ▫ Often the product of overuse • Types: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Synovitis Bursitis Myositis Fasciitis • Synovitis ▫ Inflammation of the synovial joint lining Acute injury that never healed or from repeated join injury • Bursitis ▫ Inflammation of the bursa sac Tends to swell • Myositis ▫ Chronic Inflammation of the muscle (Myo= Muscle) Sore, tender, mild swelling, excessively sore • Fasciitis ▫ Inflammation of the Thick, rough connective tissue that surrounds the muscles Thicken, swollen, painful Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing • Stage 1: Acute Inflammatory ▫ Cells die from being ripped apart & from being cut off from food and oxygen supply Fresh blood bring chemicals to begin healing process Phagocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets (Vocab) ▫ Acute stage lasts 48hrs • Stage 2: Repair ▫ Injured area filled with fresh blood, cells, and chemicals to rebuild the damage. Fibroblasts for scar tissue 6wks-3mo depending on severity • Stage 3: Remodeling ▫ Takes up to 1 year+ Factors That Slow Healing • Poor Blood Supply • Poor nutrition • Illness/disease ▫ Diabetes • Medications ▫ Corticosteriods Chems made in the body to help reduce inflammation • Infection Bone Injuries • Dislocation ▫ Force displaces two ends of articulating bone causes them to seperate ▫ Disloc also causes: Avulsion fx Strains/sprains Disruptions of blood flow Disruption of nerve conduction ▫ Present w/ obvious deformity, P, NO ROM • Fractures ▫ Failure point Vary with age, bone structure, medical predisposition ▫ (osteoporosis) ▫ Name according to type of impact/how failure occurs Broken/cracked/chipped/hairline fx ▫ 13 types of fractures Stages of Bone Healing • Stage 1: Acute ▫ injury causes break which causes bleeding at site Osteoclasts begin to eat the debris to absorb back in the body Osteoblasts begin to add new layers to outside of bone Lasts 4 days • Stage 2: Repair ▫ Soft Callus forms internally and externally to hold fractured ends together ▫ Eventually turns to hard callus ▫ Process turning callus to bone begins at 3 weeks and last approx 3mo • Stage 3: Remodeling ▫ Takes several years to complete Callus is reabsorbed and replaced with bone Electrical stimulation can be applied to fx that are not healing ▫ Due to minerals in bone ▫ Fractures can be nonunion Only in WB bones (leg, foot, scaphoid most common sites) Painful, loss of ROM, necrosis • Vocab • Jigsaw • worksheet
