Download Mammal Organ System

Mammal Organ System
Integumentary System
• 4 types of tissue: epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous
• Epithelial - outer surface of the skin; covers
all body surfaces
• Connective Tissue - serves as glue, holding
your body together
• Muscle tissue - interact w/ hairs on the skin to
respond to a stimuli
• Nervous tissue - helps detect external stimuli
• The skin is a flexible & responsive organ
Function of Skin
• Help maintain homeostasis
– Regulate body temperature
• Sense organ
• Role in producing vitamins
• Protective layer to underlying tissues
2 layers of skin
1. Epidermis: outer layer of skin
Contains keratin: helps protect living cell
layers underneath from exposure to
bacteria, heat, and chemicals.
Contains melanin: pigment that colors the
skin & helps protect body cells from
damage by UV rays.
2 layers of skin
2. Dermis: inner layer of skin
Contains: blood vessels, nerves, hairs, sweat
glands, and oil glands
Beneath these structures: connective tissues
and fat reservoirs
The contours in the dermis form the
fingerprints.
Know the following pictures and structures.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Bones: The body’s support
• Human skeleton has 206 bones.
• 2 main parts:
– Axial skeleton: skull bones & bones that
support it such as vertebral column, ribs,
and sternum
– Appendicular skeleton: bones of arms,
legs, shoulders, hips, wrists, etc.
Know these Bones
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Joints: where bones meet
• Joint: found where two or more bones meet
– Facilitate movement
– 3 types: fixed, slightly moveable, and synovial =
flexable joints like elbow, knee, shoulder
– Ligaments: tough band of connective tissue that
attaches bone to another bone
– Tendon: thick bands of connective tissue that
attach muscles to bones
– Bursae: fluid-filled sac that cushions and
decreases friction in the synovial joint.
Types of Bone Tissue
• Compact: hard bone
• Spongy: compact bone is surrounds
less dense bone called spongy bone
• Osteocytes: living bone cells
• Osteoblasts: potential bone cells
• Bone growth: epiphysis
Bone Structure
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Functions of Skeletal System
• Primary function to provide framework for
muscles and other tissues
• Movement
• Produce blood cells = red marrow: found in
many bones, production site of red blood
cells
• Yellow Marrow = found in many other bones
consists of stored fat
• Storage for minerals
Bone injury and disease
• Osteoporosis: degenerative bone disease
where bones become brittle due to changes
in their compositions
• Fractures:
–
–
–
–
Open vs. Closed
Compound vs Simple
Displaced vs. nondisplaced
Green stick
Muscles for Locomotion
• Three types of muscle tissue:
– Smooth: organs, nonstriated, involuntary
– Cardiac: heart, striated or striped, invol.
– Skeletal: every other muscle, striated,
voluntary
• Involuntary vs. Voluntary
• Striated vs. Nonstriated
Know these muscles:
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.