Download MUSCLE PERFORMANCE EXERCISES

MUSCLE PERFORMANCE
EXERCISES
Muscle Performance
• Muscle Performance refers to the capacity of the
muscle to do work. The key elements of muscle
performance are strength, power and
endurance.
• In order to improve muscle performance all
these three aspects should be regarded.
Factors Affecting Muscle Performance
• Muscle performance is affected by all systems of the
body.
– Morphological qualities of the muscle
– Neurological, biochemical and biomechanical
influences
– Metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, emotional
function
Causes of Impaired Muscle Performance
• Disease, injury, or lesion affecting
musculoskeletal or neuromuscular system.
• Immobilization.
• Disuse or inactivity.
Muscle Performance Exercises
• Are a large category of exercises designed to
improve the three elements of muscle
performance that is strength, power, and
endurance
Muscle Strength:
• is the ability to produce tension and the resultant
force based on the demands placed upon the
muscle.
• Muscle strength is expressed as the greatest
measurable force that can be exerted by a
muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance
during a single, maximal effort.
Muscle Power and Muscular endurance
• Muscle Power: is the rate of performing work. It
is the work (force X distance) produced by a
muscle per unit of time (force X distance / time)
• Muscular endurance: The ability of muscle to
perform a greater number of contraction or hold
against a load over an extended period of time.
• Types Of Muscular Contraction
• Isometric (Static) Contraction: Involves muscular contractions with
increasing muscle tension without movement of the joint.
• Isotonic Dynamic Contraction: Involves muscular contractions
with joint movement and excursion of a body segment.
• Dynamic exercises involves either concentric (shortening) or
eccentric ( lengthening) contraction.
•
• Concentric Contraction: is a shortening contraction when the
muscle contract with increasing tension and a decrease the distance
between the origin and insertion (shortening).
• Eccentric Contraction: is a lengthening contraction when the
muscle is loaded behind its force producing capacity causing
physical lengthening of the muscle as it attempts to control the load.
• This type of muscular contraction serves to check the rate of motion
of an extremity, acting as a braking action.
Isometric Exercises
• Definition
• Isometric exercise also known as a form of static exercise. Isometric
comes from the Greek "iso-", equal + "metron", measure =
maintaining the same measure, dimension or length.
• The muscle contract without visible change in Joint motion or
muscle length.
• There is no physical work done (force x distance)
• There is great tension and force output produced by the muscle.
• Tension is directly proportional to resistance.
• Tension is the force output of the muscle.
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Sources of resistance:
Holding against a force applied manually.
Holding weight in a particular position.
Maintaining a position against the
resistance of the body weight.
• Pushing or pulling on immovable object.
• Isometric exercise is “exercise in which a
muscle contracts and produces force without an
appreciable change in length of the muscle and
without visible joint motion.
• Isotonic exercise: Exercise in which a
contracting muscle shortens against a constant
load, as when lifting a weight.
Types of Isometric Exercises
– Muscle setting exercises.
– Stabilization exercises
– Multiple angle isometrics
Muscle Setting Exercise
• Definition: is low intensity isometric exercise
performed against little to no resistance.
• As muscle setting is not performed against any
appreciable resistance, it will not improve
muscle strength except in very weak muscles
Importance
• Muscle setting can retard muscle atrophy in the
stage of rehabilitation of a muscle when
immobilization is necessary.
• It is used to promote muscle relaxation and
circulation and to decrease muscle pain and
spasm after injury to soft tissues during the
acute stage of healing.
• Muscle setting maintain mobility between muscle
fibers as they heal.
Indications of Isometric Exercises
• During immobilization as joint movement is not possible
due to immobilization by casts, splints, braces, or various
types of traction apparatus.
• After joint surgeries or injuries, when movement is too
painful, or when movement may interfere with the
healing process.
• When the muscle weakness is confined to a definite
angle or part of the range.
Aims of Isometric exercises
• Prevent or minimize muscle atrophy when joint
movement is not possible
• Activate muscle and facilitate muscle contraction
specially after surgeries or when acute injury of the joint
or the soft tissue surrounding it.
• Develop posture or joint stability.
• Improve muscle strength when use of dynamic
resistance exercises could harm the condition.
• To develop static muscle strength at particular points of
the range consistent with specific task related needs.
Contraindications and precautions
– Isometric exercise can increase blood pressure and
heart rate to levels that would be dangerous for
anyone with undiagnosed cardiac problems.
– Isometric exercise also increases intra abdominal
pressure to dangerously high levels.
– Be wear to instruct the patient not to hold breathing
during isometric exercise to avoid valsalva maneuver.
Points to remember
• Muscular strength is only at the specific angle at which the exercise
is performed. Hence, to make isometric exercise effective at
increasing functional strength it must be repeated at many different
joint angles.
• Isometric exercise does not increase muscular endurance or
functional capacity in real world situation as dynamic exercise
• Isometric improvements have also been shown to be rate specific.
Isometric exercise is best effective at slower movements
• Isometric exercises on their own are not recommended for strength
training. They are only part of a complete exercise program.
• The great thing about isometric exercises is they can be performed
just about anywhere and at any time.