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The musculoskeletal system
Dr. T.
Why are we looking at these two
systems together?
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It is because these two systems work
together so closely.
The skeletal system gives us our
shape, supports our bodies, protects
vital organs, and is a reservoir of
important minerals.
Muscles provide us with the power
that allows us to move around.
Without a skeletal system to provide
support, our muscles could not
function!
Components of the
Musculoskeletal system
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2.
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5.
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Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
Skeletal (Striated) muscles.
Note: There are two other types of
muscle tissue we will learn about, but
they are not considered part of the
musculoskeletal system.
What are muscles?
Muscles consist of cells and contractile
fibers.
 Muscle work by shortening in length.
 You have two sets(or more) of muscles
attached to many of your bones which
allow them to move.
 There are 630 active muscles in your
body.
 Muscles can only pull, they can’t push.
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More on muscles.
Type of Muscle
Appearance
Voluntary or
Involuntary
Function
The Three Types of Muscles
Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle
Smooth
Striated
Striated
Involuntary
Involuntary
Controls
Controls
movement of contractions
internal organs of the heart
Voluntary
Moves bones.
Work in pairs.
When one
contracts
the other
relaxes.
Attached to bones by
tendons.
Check for learning.
On the paper provided, answer the
following questions without referring to
your worksheet.
 1. What are the 5 components of the
musculo-skeletal system?
 2. What are the 3 types of muscle
tissue?
Bones
Like everything else in your body, your
bones consist of cells.
 Two types.
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Osteoblasts: Cells which build bones.
 Osteoclasts: Cells which break down bones
To release minerals, like
calcium
How to remember the difference?
OsteoBlasts Build Bone. 3 B’s.
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Thanks for your support.
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Without a bones you’d be
floppy like a beanbag.
Could you stand up? Forget
about it.
Could you walk? No way,
man!
Without bones you’d be a
puddle of skin and guts on
the floor.
The job of the bones.
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Your skeleton has several jobs.
Some bones, like your
backbone, provide structure.
Other bones, like your skull
and rib cage protect vital
organs.
The tiniest bones in your body,
in the inner ear, help to
transmit sound waves to your
brain.
So how many bones do we have?
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Actually, you have less than
you once did.
As a new born, you had over
300 bones.
As you grew up, many of
these bones fused together.
You now have 206 elegant
bones in your body.
So how do muscles and bones do
their jobs?
With a lot of help.
 Along with muscles and bones, you need
joints.
 Joint provided flexible connections
between bones. Joints are primarily made
up of tissue called ligaments.
 Tendons attach bone to muscle, ligaments
attach bone to bone.
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Types of joints
Hinge joints: Like in your knee, enable
bones to move back and forth.
 Pivot joints: Like in your neck, enable you
to turn your head around.
 Ball and socket joints: Like in your
shoulder, enable you to move your arms
360 degrees.
 Semi-moveable joints: Like the ones
between the vertebrae in your backbone.
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Are bones alive?
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Absolutely. If not, then broken arms and legs
would never heal.
Like all other cells in your body, bone cells need
nutrients and oxygen and they produce wastes.
When you break a bone, blood clots form to
close the space between the two segements.
Osteoblasts the begin the process of depositing
bone to heal the fracture.
What is bone marrow?
Many of your larger bones are hallow.
 Being hallow helps to reduce the weight of
your bones.
 In the center of these bones, bone marrow
makes new red and white blood cells.
 So it turns out that your bones actually
make blood! How cool is that?
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Fun bone facts
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The human hand has 27
bones, your face has 14
The longest bone in your body
is your femur, ¼ your height.
Humans and Giraffes have the
same number of bones in their
necks.
Check for learning II
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3.
4.
5.
On your answer sheet, answer the
following questions. Do not refer to your
worksheet.
How many different types of bone cells
are there?
List three functions of your bones.
How many bones does a newborn baby
have? How many bones do you have?