Download Skeletal System

Skeletal
System
Emily Davis
Marina Tome
Sam Watkins
Introduction
• Objective : Students will be able to identify
the function and structures of the skeletal
system. Distinguish between bones,
ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Describe
the development of bones from cartilage
and identify the difference between
osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Describe the
classification of joints by tissue and know
the six types of synovial joints and their
types of movement. Distinguish between
the appendicular and axial skeletons. Finally,
identify 23 major bones of the human body
and their functions.
Function
SUPPORT
• Five functions of the Skeletal System:
– 1) Provide points of attachments for
muscles
– 2) Protect and support softer underlying
tissues
– 3) House blood producing cells
– 4) Store inorganic salts
– 5) Contain passage ways for blood vessels
and nerves
Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, and
Cartilage
Bones
Tissue
Type
Unique
Characteristics
Ligaments Tendons Cartilage
(Binds
(Attaches
bones to muscle to
joints)
bone)
Connective Connective Connective Connective
Extracellular
matrix
Bone matrix
Haversian
Canals
Sheet-like
cords
Collagenous
Fibers
White fibrous
connective
tissue
3 types
Collagenous
fibers
Rigid
Long Bone
Bone Cells
• osteoBlasts
Build Bone
• osteoClasts
Crush Bone
Bone Development
• Diagram
Intramembranous
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flat
Layers of connective tissue
Enlarge into osteoBlasts
Deposit boney matrix
Spongy bone forms
Periosteum
Compact bone
Joints by Tissue
Fibrous
 Found between
joints of bones
 Immovable
 Dense connective
tissue
 Ex: Skull
Cartilaginous
Synovial
 Connect through
hyaline or
fibrocartilage
 Limited Movement
 Ex: Between
Vertebrae
 Capsules of
ligaments
 Synovial membranes
and fluid
 Covered by hyaline
cartilage
 Six different types
 Ex: Elbow
Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket
• Two bones, one ball shaped and the
other cup shaped, fit into one another
 Movements in all planes and
rotation
 Ex: Shoulder and hip
Socket
Ball
Condyloid
 Curve of one bone articulates with
another bone
 Variety of movement in different
planes, but no rotation
 Ex: Joints between
metacarpals and phalanges
Gliding
 Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or
slightly curved
 Sliding or twisting
 Ex: Joints between various
bones of wrists and
ankles, sacroiliac
Hinge
 Two surfaces, one convex and the
other concave, articulate with
each other
 Flexion and extension
 Ex: Elbow and joints of
phalanges
Pivot
• Cylindrical surface of one bone fits
into the rings of another bone
 Rotation around a central axis
 Ex: Axis of neck
Saddle
• Concave and convex surfaces fit with
one another
 Variety of movements
 Ex: Joints between the carpal
and the metacarpals of the
thumb
Joint Movement
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flexion
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Appendicular
Skeletons
Axial
23 Major Bones of the
Human Body
Skull
Vertebral Column
Pectoral Girdle
Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating Ribs
Pelvic Girdle
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Bone Diseases
• Osteoporosis
• Cancer
• Paget’s Disease
Questions?
Quick Review
• How many bones are there in the human body?
– 206 bones
• What are the two types of bone cells and what
does each do?
osteoBlasts - Build Bone
osteoClasts - Crush Bone
• What are the three types of vertebrae and how
many are there of each?
– Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
• Name all functions of the skeletal system.
Thank You for your
attention!! 
QUIZ TIME!!