Download Body Systems and Exercise

SPONGE
Body Systems, Day 1
1. Which muscle do you think
is the most important?
Explain why in a sentence.
2. How can you keep your
muscles healthy?
Body Systems and
Exercise
Section 1:
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
• There are more
than 600 muscles
in the body,
providing motion
and maintaining
posture.
• Muscles are divided
into 3 major groups:
Skeletal Muscle
1. Skeletal, or
voluntary
muscle, is muscle
that a person can
control.
– These muscles are
mostly located in the
arms, legs and
outside the bones of
your body.
Smooth Muscle
2. Smooth, or
involuntary muscle,
functions without a
person thinking about
it.
– For example, your
stomach and intestinal
muscles move food
throughout your body
without you thinking
about it.
Cardiac Muscle
3. Cardiac muscle is
located only in the
heart. It looks like
skeletal muscle, but is
not voluntary.
– This muscle contracts
steadily to keep your
heart beating, but can
speed up for exercise
and emergencies.
Muscle Anatomy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRxsOMenNQM&NR=1
Inside the Muscle Fiber
• There are many parts of a muscle fiber, but
two main parts are involved in flexing:
– Myosin has “arms” that grab and climb,
causing the muscle to contract.
– Actin acts as a ladder for myosin to climb up.
What Makes Muscles Move?
• Muscles use energy in the form of ATP
molecules to contract.
– ATP is short for Adenosine triphosphate
– ATP is a molecule made up of Adenosine and
3 phosphates.
Adenosine
Phosphate Phosphate Phosphate
ATP Becomes Energy
• When an ATP molecule is broken, energy
is released and used for muscles to move.
• With only two phosphates left, ATP
becomes ADP.
Adenosine
Phosphate Phosphate
Phosphate
Energy
• When you exercise, your
muscles break apart many
ATP molecules into ADP.
• All of the extra
phosphates, known as
Free Radicals, float
around in the tissues and
damage muscle.
• Fortunately, your body has
ways of preventing the
spread of free radicals.
Free Radicals
Removing Free Radicals
Adenosine
Phosphate
Free Radical
Phosphate Phosphate
Lactic
Acid
• There are two ways the body can get rid of
free radicals.
• During exercise, your body pumps Lactic
Acid into the bloodstream.
– The Lactic Acid reconnects the Free Radicals
to the ADP, turning it back into ATP. Now the
body won’t be harmed and it will have more
energy.
Antioxidants
• Antioxidants also bind to
free radicals, making them
harmless to the body.
• Antioxidants can be found in
colorful fruits like blueberries
and strawberries, as well as
many types of beans.
• People, especially athletes,
should eat food rich in
antioxidants because they
produce more free radicals
during exercise.
Major Muscle Groups
1
Deltoids
2
Pectorals
3
Biceps
4
Abdominals
5
Quadriceps
Abdominals
Biceps
Deltoids
Pectorals
Quadriceps
Major Muscle Groups
1
Traps
2
Triceps
Gastrocnemius
3
Lats
Glutes
Hamstrings
4
Glutes
Lats
5 Hamstrings
Traps
Triceps
6Gastrocnemius
Flexors and Extensors
• Muscles work in pairs called flexors and
extensors.
– Flexors bend an arm or a leg.
– Extensors straighten the limb back out.
• Remember though, both muscles can only
shorten.
Caring for your Muscles
• To build muscle, you can eat protein but
give yourself time between workouts to
rest so the muscles can build up.
• Eat carbohydrates to fuel muscle.
• Train your muscles aerobically (more than
15 minutes in a row) to build muscle tone
and train your heart.
Muscles and Exercise
• There are two basic muscle types involved
in exercise:
– Fast twitch muscles: Contract quickly for
fast, strong movements, but tire quickly.
– Slow twitch muscles: Contract more slowly,
but can exercise for much longer.
• You are born with a certain number of fast
and slow twitch muscles, and cannot grow
new ones. You can exercise them to make
them work better.
Exercise in Junior High
• Female muscle
strength will gradually
grow in the teen
years, while male
muscle will grow up to
10 times.
• Strength training will
benefit young teen
athletes, but only if
done correctly.
Exercise in Junior High
• The connections between your bones and
muscles do not finish forming until high
school. Lifting large amounts of weight in
8th grade can seriously damage your joints
and affect your growth plates.
• Young teens should lift smaller amounts of
weight many times. (6 - 15 reps for each
muscle group)
• Lift no more than 3 – 4 times a week for
about 30 – 60 minutes.
• Increase the maximum weight you lift no
more than 5 -10 pounds from day to day.
Unit Project
• In groups of two, create a life-sized
drawing of a body system. Each group
chooses one of the following body
systems:
– Muscular
– Nervous
– Digestive
– Skeletal
– Circulatory
– Respiratory
Unit Project
• Once you have chosen a
system:
– Use the provided diagram as
a guide
– Use markers to color body
parts
– Label body parts
– Projects are due on the day
of the health test and worth
20 points