Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Sexually transmitted infection wikipedia , lookup
Hepatitis B wikipedia , lookup
Neglected tropical diseases wikipedia , lookup
Neonatal infection wikipedia , lookup
Schistosomiasis wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
History of syphilis wikipedia , lookup
Epidemiology of syphilis wikipedia , lookup
General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Inflammation - III http://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~jdusk/ Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague Inflammation Definition: complex reaction of organism to damage (aim: homeostasis maintenance) Inflammation Sense defensive – agent elimination reparative – damage reparation Inflammation - Classification: Time view acute subacute chronic Inflammation - Classification: According to the dominant phase: alterative EXSUDATIVE proliferative Inflammation - Classification: According to the dominant phase: alterative exsudative PROLIFERATIVE Inflammation - Classification: Type of granulation tissue: nonspecific „specific“ GRANULOMATOUS Granuloma Def.: Accumulation of macrophages transformed into epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells infected macrophage intracellular parasites Macrophage activation mature Th clone creation interferon interferon receptor receptor interferon γ cytokins & bactericid subst. secretion activated macrophage Granuloma - composition MACROPHAGES lymphocytes fibrous deposits of collagen central necrosis Granuloma - development progressive necrosis cavity formation spread with generalisation or metastatic foci fibrosis hyalinosis dystrophic calcification Granulomatous Inflammatory Diseases 1. TUBERCULOSIS sarcoidosis syphilis leprosy Lyme borreliosis inf. scleroma (rhinoscleroma) Granulomatous Inflammatory Diseases 2. lymphogranuloma venereum (inguinale) anthropozoonoses : brucelosis, listeriosis, tularemia,….. cat scratch disease (Afipia felis) mycoses: histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis… parasites: leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis… large antigen antibody complexes: rheumatoid arthritis TUBERCULOSIS Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch 1882) Mycobacterium bovis acidoresistance M. avium,intracellulare, Kansasii atypical mycobacterioses TUBERCULOSIS killing 30% patients with AIDS killing 2–3 mill. people per year next 10 years : 90 millions infected 30 millions deaths dev. countries - 26% preventable deaths TUBERCULOSIS countries with combined therapy – deaths lowered by70% death rate in Europe lowered to 1/10 12,5 / 100 000 Asia 40x more 500 / 100 000 95% patients unable to pay for therapy TUBERCULOSIS portae invasionis – respiratory tract – gastrointestinal tract – skin types of disease (clinicoepidemiol. view) open tbc closed TUBERCULOSIS Type of infection childhood (primary, preimmune) adult (postprimary, immune) TUBERCULOSIS Morphological features primary infect (Ghon focus) & primary complex caseification isolated organ metastasis tubercle, exsudate, cavity early and late generalisation – milliary spread TUBERCULOSIS Type of infection childhood (primary, preimmune) adult (postprimary, immune) TUBERCULOSIS Terms –Forms– Locations: phtisis gallopans scrofulosis meningitis basillaris lupus vulgaris mallum Potti, cold absces SARCOIDOSIS etiology ????? Pathogenesis: changed Th and Ts ratio modified immune reaction SARCOIDOSIS m. Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann morphology similar to tbc (and important dif. dg.) forms : localised generalised Syphilis Treponema pallidum (F.Schaudin 1905) argyrophilia Syphilis acquisita Syphilis congenita Syphilis acquisita Stages (1) : I. ulcus durum + bubo indolens II. exanthema syphiliticum, angina syphilitica, condylomata lata Syphilis acquisita Stages (2): III. gumma Late syphilis (quarterly, meta–) neurosyphylis paralysis progressiva tabes dorsalis panaortitis syphilitica Syphilis congenita Forms: fetus maceratus (hepatosplenomegalia) hepatitis pericellularis pericholangitis syphilitica, pancreatitis pneumonia alba pseudogummata osteochondritis et periostitis syphilitica coryza et exanthema syphiliticum Syphilis congenita tarda Trias Hutchinsoni: keratitis parenchymatosa labyrinthitis Hutchinson´s teath gummata periostitis syphilitica tibiae paralysis progressiva infantilis, iuvenilis panaortitis syphilitica LEPROSY 700 000 new cases/year more than 10 mil. cases in the world mostly warm climates related to living conditions zoonosis - armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) primates, cultivation on a nude mice CURABLE !!!! (combination of antibiotics) LEPROSY Mycobacterium leprae (Hanseni) 1873 Port of entry respiratory tract Intracellular parasitism macrophages, later Schwann cells Reduced genom (comparing to Mycobacterium tbc) LEPROSY Classification: lepromatous (in nonimmune. Virchow lepra cell) tuberculoid indeterminate borderline (granulomatous, immune patients) (early stage) (combined) Rhinoscleroma –infectious scleroma Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis chronic granulomatose inflammation Mikulicz cells – macrophages scaring curable - antibiotics