Download Microbiology – Alcamo Origins of Aseptic Technique

Microbiology – Alcamo
Origins of Aseptic Technique
The original interest in bacteria was
disease.
Ancient Techniques
• Ancient records show that ___________
date far back into history:
– the ancient Chinese, Persians, and
Egyptians had methods for ________
_________ and ___________ for wounds
– the ancient Greeks and Romans used
_________ _________ to store fresh liquids
and wine
Later Techniques
• Pioneers of the American West put
______ and _______ coins in drinking
water to keep it fresh and prevent algae
• Settlers in the Australian outback put
____________ in drinking water for the
same purpose
Later Techniques
• _________ _________ was used to
prevent sepsis in wounds by Arabian
physicians in the Middle Ages
• _________ and ________ were
introduced as a treatment for open
wounds in 1825 and 1839, respectively
Before 1850
• 150 years ago it was difficult to
distinguish between butcher and surgeon
• Often the butcher was better
• Surgeons advertised their experience by
wearing their “surgical apron” over their
street clothes.
• Massive infections: post _________ and
post __________
civil war medicine
Louis Pasteur
• 1861 Louis Pasteur proved that
microorganisms caused __________
and could be transported via the _____
• He placed broth in flasks with long Sshaped necks, then boiled the broth
and observed that no microorganisms
grew in the flasks
• These experiments were the basis for
the development of ________ ________
Louis Pasteur
• Pasteur showed that heat could kill
microorganisms
• This process was later named
pasteurization
• We still do this with our dairy products
Ignaz Semmelweis
• Used knowledge gained from Louis
Pasteur
• He reduced the number of postpartum
infections (________) in the wards of
Vienna’s hospitals
• He did this by urging doctors to ______
______ ________ between patients.
Semmelweis Video
Joseph Lister
• By the mid-nineteenth century, postoperative sepsis infection accounted for
the death of almost _______ the patients
who underwent major surgery
• Later in the 1860’s, an English surgeon
named Joseph Lister also heard about
Pasteur’s work
Joseph Lister
• He said sepsis was an infectious
disease caused by __________
• It was spread due to contaminated
_______, _________, _________
• He made nurses, medical students, and
midwives wash hands in a _______
________ and insisted on ______
_______and ________ for every patient
•Instituted “Aseptic Techniques” in operating
rooms: ______ instruments, ______ hands, no
more “aprons” or _______ ________, clean
_________ _______ (no more “theatre”)
•Lister: 1st antiseptic _________ ________
aerosol, and on wound, also rubber gloves
Lister Video
Antiseptics
• Antiseptics are substances that
_____ and prevent the ________ of
disease-causing organisms.
• They are usually used on ________
wounds.
• Surgeons also use antiseptics to
______ their hands and prepare the
patient's _____ before an operation.