Download Infection control Unit 13

Infection Control Unit 13
Adonis K. Lomibao R.N.
12/14/11
Objectives

Spell and define terms

Explain principles of medical asepsis

Explain components of standard precautions
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Types of PPE


Describe nursing assistant actions related to
standard precautions
Describe airborne, droplet, & contact
precautions
Medical Asepsis

Asepsis-the absence of disease-producing
microorganisms.
-medical asepsis
-surgical asepsis

Medical asepsis-practices reduce the numbers
of microorganisms or interrupt transmission.
-aka-”clean”
-Dirty or contaminated-have been exposed to
known or potential pathogens.
Handwashing

Single most important procedure performed to
prevent the spread of microbes.
-Vigorous, short rubbing together of all surfaces
of soap-lathered hands.
-Followed by rinsing under a stream of running
warm water.

Nosocomial infection- infection acquired by a
patient while being cared for in a health care
facility.
Wash your hands when..?

Before handling food

After touching any soiled item or surface

Before touching mucous membranes or nonintact skin

Before and after every patient contact
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Before applying and after removing gloves

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Before any contact with your mucous
membranes
p.182-183
Hand Lotion & Waterless Hand
Cleaners

Select a light, non-oily product.

Use a personal-sized bottle & do not share.

When using waterless, alcohol-based
cleaners:
-Handwash when visibly soiled
-Rub product into hand until dry
-Do not use for pt. With C-Diff
Protecting Yourself



Occupational Exposure- contacting potentially
infectious material as you perform your duties
Prevent by using proper medical asepsis &
standard precautions
Exposure Incident- your eyes, nose, mouth,
mucous membranes, or nonintact skin had
contact with blood or potentially infectious
material.
Standard Precautions


The infection control actions used for all people
receiving care, regardless of their condition or
diagnosis.
Apply when you may contact:
-Blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
-Mucous membranes
-Non-intact skin
-p.185

Work practice control-procedures to prevent spread
of infections.
Personal Protective Equipment

Gloves (p. 196 When to use)

Gown

Mask

Goggles

Face Shield
Transmission-Based Precautions



Precautions used with highly transmittable
diseases.
Communicable or contagious disease-may be
transferred from one person to another directly
or indirectly.
Three kinds of precautions:
-Airborne
-Droplet
-Contact
Airborne Precautions



Transmitted by air currents
Pathogens small & light, suspended in air, can
travel through air currents.
Examples:
-Tuberculosis
- Measles
Precautions

Private room with negative air pressure

N95 Respirator,HEPA filter mask, PFR95 (p.190)



Limit pt. Transport to essential purposes only. Use
mask on patient during transport.
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lights.
Ultraviolet-C light kills or inactivates pathogens.
Anteroom-small room just inside entrance to pt.
Room. Reduces escape of infectious organisms.
Buffer between changes in air pressures
Masks
Droplet Precautions


Can be spread by large droplets in the air.
Spread by sneezing, coughing, talking,
singing, & laughing.

Generally don't travel past 3 feet of the patient

Examples:
-German measles
-Mumps
-Influenza
Precautions



Private room if possible
Wear mask when working within 3 feet of
patient
Limit transport to essential purposes. Use
surgical mask on patient.
Contact Precautions


Infectious pathogens spread by direct or
indirect contact.
Examples:
-Head or body lice
-Scabies
-MRSA
-C-Diff.
Precautions

Private room if possible

Gloves

Hand Hygiene with antimicrobial agent

Gown

Patient transport-Limit to essential purposes.

Dedicated patient-care equipment
Isolation Technique



The method of caring for patients with easily
transmitted disease
Standard precautions in addition to
transmission-based precautions
Isolation unit- may be an area or private room.
Disinfection & Sterilization



Disinfection- the process of eliminating
harmful pathogens from equipment and
instruments
Sterilization- removes all microorganisms from
an item.
Autoclave- uses steam and pressure to kill
organisms & sterilize
Sterile Procedures

Surgical asepsis-the environment is kept free of all
microbes, both pathogens and non-pathogens.

Equipment & supplies must be sterile.

Sterile field- area of sterile equipment and materials.
-One inch around not sterile-keep equipment within 2
inches
-Never reach over field
-Moisture=contamination
-Discard if suspicion of contamination