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Dogs
Feeding, Grooming, Reproduction
and Common Diseases
Feeding
• Types of food
– 3 main commercial types
• Dry
– 23% protein,9% fat and 6% fiber
• Semimoist
– 25% protein, 9% fat and 4% fiber
• Canned
– 30% protein, 16% fat and 8% fiber
Feeding
• Most contain about the same amount of
energy
• Dry foods have the advantage of being
cheaper to purchase, convenient to use,
will not spoil and help keep the dogs
teeth clean.
Feeding Myths
• Raw eggs should be feed to improve a
dogs hair coat
– The fat is eggs will improve the dogs coat
but in the raw form it blocks the absorption
of biotin - a necessary vitamin.
– Eggs should be hard boiled or cooked
before feeding
Feed Myths
• Any bones may be feed to a dog
– Large bones like the knuckle and large
marrow bones are fine
– Chicken, turkey and pork bones should not
be fed to dogs
• These types splinter and the splinters can get
lodged in the digestive tract.
• If you give a dog a large bone, you should boil
it first to destroy harmful bacteria
Grooming
• The amount of time spent on grooming
depends on the type of hair coat.
• Daily brushing is recommended to
– Remove dead hair
– Distribute the skin’s oils
– Remove flakes of dead skin
– Remove dandruff
Grooming
• Long Haired Dogs
– Check for mats
– Burrs from plants
– Usually located
behind the ears and
under the legs
– Usually teased out
with a comb
• Short haired dogs
– “pluck” their coats
– Removes dead hair
and trims live hair.
– Take small sections
and pull and twist
using a stripping
knife.
Grooming - Nails
• How often is dependent on what type of
surface the dog is kept on.
• Outside dogs wear their nails down
naturally, inside dogs need clipping.
• Clippers should be sharp so they don’t
crush the nail bed.
• Use a styptic pen to stop all bleeding.
Common Diseases
• Early signs of disease
– Constipation/diarrhea
– Shivering/fever
– Watery eyes, runny nose, coughing
– Loss of appetite/loss of weight
– Ravenous eating with no weight gain
– Lameness, paralysis, pain, nervousness
Infectious Diseases
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Canine Distemper
Canine hepatitis
Leptospirosis
Parvovirus
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Kennel cough
Rabies
Canine Brucellosis
Pseudorabies
salmonellosis
Canine Brucellosis
• Caused by bacteria
• Occurs worldwide and has been
reported in every State.
• Is a reproductive disease, causes
abortion, failure to whelp, swollen
testicles and atrophy testes.
• Spread by sexual contact
Burcellosis
• No medicine is available for
vaccinations.
• Can be transmitted to humans through
blood to membrane contact.
Pseudorabies
• Caused by a DNA-virus and occurs in
area where the disease is present in
swine herds.
• Intense itching to the point of self
mutilation.
• Next is convulsions, paralysis and death
within 24 - 72 hours
• No effective drug available
Salmonellosis
• Caused by a bacteria that is found in
both wild and domestic animals
• Spread by ingestion of the organism in
food contaminated by infected feces
• Symptoms:sever inactivity, fever,
diarrhea, vomitting - usually confused
with distemper and parvovirus.
Salmonellosis
• People may be susceptible to the
infection or may transmit it to the animal
due to people being an active carrier.
• No vaccination available
• Infected animals can be treated with
antibiotics.
• Good hygiene helps to stop the spread
Canine Distemper
• Caused by inhalation of an airborne virus
• Most often occurs in dogs 3 - 6 months of age
• Symptoms: vomiting and diarrhea are early
and the dog seems fine but months later,
symptoms that show nervous system damage
appear
• Dog dies or has permanent nervous damage.
• Treatment: antibiotics, can be vaccinated
against it.
Canine Hepatitis
• Highly contagious spread through urine.
• Commonly seen in dogs under 1.
• Symptoms: dull, apathetic, refuse to eat and
have intense thirst. Body temp. rises, head
and neck swells.
• Most dogs will either recover or die within 2
weeks. Many die within a few days without
any warning.
• Vaccinations are available.
Leptospirosis
• Is caused by bacteria and animals can act as
a reservoirs for human infections.
• Method of spread is through contact or
ingestion of contaminated food and water.
• Occurs in humans and dogs after floods or
swimming in or drinking water that is
contaminated by urine of rodents or other
animals.
Leptospirosis
• Early signs: high fever, loss of appetite,
vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and
depression may also occur.
• Reddening of the membranes of the
eyes and mouth are common.
• Disease attacks the liver, kidneys and
gastrointestinal tract causing pain.
• Death usually occurs.
Parvovirus
• Appeared in the U.S. in 1977.
• Caused by small DNA containing virus
that requires rapidly dividing cells for
growth to occur.
• This is why it is usually found in puppies
• Main source of infection is ingested of
materials contaminated with feces from
an infected dog.
Parvovirus
• 2 forms of the disease
– Intestional
– Heart
– Intestional - virus grows in the intestines
and destroys them.
• Early signs are vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to
eat. Feces are streaked with blood. Most die
within 48 - 72 hours of symptoms.
Parvo - heart
• May be proceeded by the intestional
form or may occur without any other
signs.
• The virus rapidly attacks heart cells.
• Pups may act depressed, stop suckling,
collapse gasping for breath and die.
• No specific treatment
• Can be vaccinated for Parvo.
Kennel Cough
• Infectious respiratory disease marked
by coughing and fever.
• Caused by various viruses and bacteria
alone or in combination.
• Occurs in all ages, usually under
conditions where many dogs are in a
small space (pet shops, shelters,
kennels)
Kennel Cough
• Treatment
– Left untreated: death
– Antibiotics are usually effective
– Vaccines are available
Rabies
• Viral disease of man and other animals.
• Attacks the central nervous system and
if not treated causes death.
• Transmitted usually by a bite. Virus is
found in saliva
• The virus is drawn to the nerves and
follows the nerve fibers to the brain and
salivary glands.
Rabies
• After the virus infects the brain it
reproduces rapidly causing sever brain
damage.
• The brain lesions lead to altered
behavior, aggressiveness, progressive
paralysis and usually death.
• Prevent by vaccination.
Noninfectious diseases
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Heart disease
PRA
Tetanus
Hip dysplasia
Anal sacs
Cataracts
Heart disease
• Occurs in both cats and dog
• 2 types
– Congential defects
• Present at birth
• Acquired heart disease
Heart disease
• Most common signs are:
– Coughing at night
– Blue gums during exercise
– Open mouth breathing while resting
– Inability to breath when lying down
– Inability to exercise
Acquired Heart Disease
• Causes begin slowly and increase with
time
– Degeneration of heart valves
– Bacterial infection of heart valves
– Cancerous tumors
– Heart worms
– Degeneration of heart muscle
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
(PRA)
• A genetic disease in which the cells of
the retina gradually degenerate leading
to the loss of sight.
• Onset varies with breed
• First sign is the loss of night vision
• No treatment
Tetanus
• Caused by a bacteria whose spores are
present in the soil and feces
• Most cases result from contamination of
small puncture wounds and lacerations.
• Produced toxins that cause the nervous
system of the the dog to be
overstimulated
Tetanus
• Infected dogs usually experience
spasms of the facial muscles, lockjaw,
inability to stand and spastic paralysis.
• Death usually occurs due to the affect of
the respiratory muscles and other
complications.
Cataracts
• Cause a cloudy, white opacity of the
lens of the eye.
• May be hereditary and will usually
cause blindness when fully developed.
• Removal of cataract with surgery is the
only treatment.
Hip Dysplasia
• Common in larger breeds
• Genetically transmitted disease that
affects the hip joint.
• Causes hind leg lameness and a result
of pain in the malformed ball and socket
joint
• Treatment is pain relief
Anal Sacs
• Located at the 4 and 8 o’clock position
on either side of the dog’s anus.
• Contain a substance that allows a dog
to mark its territory
• They become blocked and need to be
emptied.
• They become swollen and painful
Anal Sacs
• Symptoms - licking and dragging its butt
on the ground
• Vet should empty the first time then the
owner may attempt.
Fungus Disease
• Ringworm
– Most common
– Caused by 3 fungal organisms
• Microsporum canis
• Microsporum gypseum
• Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Ringworm
• Microsporm canis
• Most commonly found on cats but can
infect dogs and humans
• Infection is from direct contact with
infected animal
Ringworm
• Microsporum gypseum
• Normally grows in soil
• Animals become infected by digging in
or making contact with infected soil
Ringworm
• Trichophyton mentagrophytes
• Usually found on wild rodents
• Dogs become infected when they dig in
the burrows of infected rodents
Ringworm
• Symptoms begin as broken hairs
around the face, scaling and crusting
accumulate and the skin become
thickened and itchy, lesions
• Treatment: baths, dips, creams and
lotions that are antifungal. Oral
medications should be used for at least
6 weeks.
Reproduction
• Gestation lasts on average 63 days with
a variation from 56 - 70 days.
• Many may not show pregnancy signs
until day 28
Whelping
• Body temperature will be below normal
and then 24 hours before will drop more
to 96.8 Most will refuse eating 24 hrs
before.
• A green mucous discharge will occur a
couple of hours before which signifies
the separation of the placenta
Whelping
• Each puppy will be contained in its own
placental membrane which must be
removed before the puppy can breathe.
• The mother will do this by eating the
membrane and severing the umbilical
cord
• A placenta will follow each puppy
• The first milk produced is called
colostrum .
• The puppy must get this because it
contain immunoglobulins that will help
protect the puppy from infectious
diseases.